{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T19:40:31Z","timestamp":1758742831569,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971418","81971254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971418","81971254"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2019M661526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019M661526"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2017SHZDZX01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017SHZDZX01"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022821","name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["13DZ2260500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13DZ2260500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022821","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"STI2030-Major Projects","award":["2021ZD0200800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0200800"]}]},{"name":"Pudong New Area Commission of Health and Family Planning","award":["PW2021D-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PW2021D-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Postpartum depression (PPD) affects maternal mental health extensively and is challenged by the lack of objective diagnostic methods. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of niacin skin flush response, a diagnostic marker for depression, in individuals with PPD and to determine its clinical potential as an adjunctive screening marker.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 1417 parturients was recruited in this study. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to screen for depression with a cut-off score\u2009\u2265\u200913. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scale was used to test the consistency of scale screening. The Chi-square test was used to compare the screening results of the two scales, and the reliability and validity of the two scales were discussed. Mann Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic> test was used to analyze the differences in niacin-flushing between PPD and healthy controls (HC), and a ten-fold cross-validation with logistic regression was used to verify the potential of niacin-flushing to distinguish between PPD and HC. A screening model for women with PPD was established by bivariate truncation method.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The results of the two depression screening scales were 12.85% inconsistent, indicating the nonobjectivity of the scale screening. Compared with the healthy women, women with PPD exhibited significantly attenuated and delayed niacin-induced flushing response. An innovative and user-friendly postpartum depression screening model was established according to the features, by which we could identify women with PPD from healthy women with a sensitivity of 53.09% (95% CI: 42.22% \u2212\u200963.95%) and a specificity of 73.28% (95% CI: 70.90% \u2212\u200975.65%).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study identified the characteristics of impaired niacin response in women with PPD, and established a potential screening standard for PPD, which is highly objective and operable. The niacin-blunted subgroup of PPD may imply a common biological basis, which provokes new thoughts in elucidating the pathological mechanisms of postpartum depression.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-025-08040-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T18:59:50Z","timestamp":1758740390000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Screening for individuals with postpartum depression by an attenuated and delayed niacin skin flushing response: a case control study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Dandan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhendong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuyi","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuhan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lize","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunling","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"8040_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2020.05.001","volume":"47","author":"EB Kroska","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kroska EB, Stowe ZN. Postpartum depression: identification and treatment in the clinic setting. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2020;47(3):409\u201319.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"key":"8040_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102353","volume":"53","author":"XH Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao XH, Zhang ZH. Risk factors for postpartum depression: an evidence-based systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Asian J Psychiatr. 2020;53:102353.","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr"},{"key":"8040_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-11-57","volume":"11","author":"LM Howard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Howard LM, Flach C, Mehay A, Sharp D, Tylee A. The prevalence of suicidal ideation identified by the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale in postpartum women in primary care: findings from the RESPOND trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2011;11:57.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"8040_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100309","volume":"16","author":"MJ Szpunar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Szpunar MJ, Malaktaris A, Baca SA, Hauger RL, Lang AJ. Are alterations in estradiol, cortisol, and inflammatory cytokines associated with depression during pregnancy and postpartum? An exploratory study. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2021;16:100309.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"8040_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-010-0080-1","volume":"14","author":"SH Goodman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goodman SH, Rouse MH, Connell AM, Broth MR, Hall CM, Heyward D. Maternal depression and child psychopathology: a meta-analytic review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2011;14(1):1\u201327.","journal-title":"Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"8040_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2017.11.005","volume":"59","author":"N Ukatu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ukatu N, Clare CA, Brulja M. Postpartum depression screening tools: a review. Psychosomatics. 2018;59(3):211\u20139.","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"8040_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185612","volume":"9","author":"MW O\u2019Hara","year":"2013","unstructured":"O\u2019Hara MW, McCabe JE. Postpartum depression: current status and future directions. Ann Rev Clin Psychol. 2013;9:9:379\u2013407.","journal-title":"Ann Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"8040_CR8","first-page":"1","volume":"119","author":"BN Gaynes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gaynes BN, Gavin N, Meltzer-Brody S, Lohr KN, Swinson T, Gartlehner G, Brody S, Miller WC. Perinatal depression: prevalence, screening accuracy, and screening outcomes. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Summ). 2005;119:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Evid Rep Technol Assess (Summ)"},{"issue":"3","key":"8040_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.12.017","volume":"124","author":"S Smesny","year":"2010","unstructured":"Smesny S, Baur K, Rudolph N, Nenadic I, Sauer H. Alterations of niacin skin sensitivity in recurrent unipolar depressive disorder. J Affect Disord. 2010;124(3):335\u201340.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"8040_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2021.02.009","volume":"230","author":"DD Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang DD, Hu XW, Jiang J, Sun LY, Qing Y, Yang XH, Gao Y, Cui GP, Li MH, Wang PK, et al. Attenuated and delayed niacin skin flushing in schizophrenia and affective disorders: a potential clinical auxiliary diagnostic marker. Schizophr Res. 2021;230:53\u201360.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"8040_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx150","volume":"44","author":"L Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun L, Yang X, Jiang J, Hu X, Qing Y, Wang D, Yang T, Yang C, Zhang J, Yang P, et al. Identification of the niacin-blunted subgroup of schizophrenia patients from mood disorders and healthy individuals in Chinese population. Schizophr Bull. 2018;44(4):896\u2013907.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"issue":"6","key":"8040_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.106.030833","volume":"70","author":"Z Benyo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Benyo Z, Gille A, Bennett CL, Clausen BE, Offermanns S. Nicotinic acid-induced flushing is mediated by activation of epidermal Langerhans cells. Mol Pharmacol. 2006;70(6):1844\u20139.","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8040_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20121","volume":"25","author":"C Zellner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zellner C, Pullinger CR, Aouizerat BE, Frost PH, Kwok PY, Malloy MJ, Kane JP. Variations in human HM74 (GPR109B) and HM74A (GPR109A) niacin receptors. Hum Mutat. 2005;25(1):18\u201321.","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"issue":"1","key":"8040_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.04.051","volume":"345","author":"YT Tang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tang YT, Zhou LB, Gunnet JW, Wines PG, Cryan EV, Demarest KT. Enhancement of arachidonic acid signaling pathway by nicotinic acid receptor HM74A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006;345(1):29\u201337.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"8040_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.clpt.6100180","volume":"81","author":"E Lai","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lai E, De Lepeleire I, Crumley TM, Liu F, Wenning LA, Michiels N, Vets E, O\u2019Neill G, Wagner JA, Gottesdiener K. Suppression of niacin-induced vasodilation with an antagonist to prostaglandin D-2 receptor subtype 1. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007;81(6):849\u201357.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"8040_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2005.10.010","volume":"143","author":"L Bosveld-van Haandel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bosveld-van Haandel L, Knegtering R, Kluiter H, van den Bosch RJ. Niacin skin Flushing in schizophrenic and depressed patients and healthy controls. Psychiatry Res. 2006;143(2\u20133):303\u20136.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"8040_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.172.5.433","volume":"172","author":"DT Lee","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lee DT, Yip SK, Chiu HF, Leung TY, Chan KP, Chau IO, Leung HC, Chung TK. Detecting postnatal depression in Chinese women. Validation of the Chinese version of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Br J Psychiatry. 1998;172:433\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"8040_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2009.01.010","volume":"46","author":"Y Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang Y, Guo X, Lau Y, Chan KS, Yin L, Chen J. Psychometric evaluation of the mainland Chinese version of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Int J Nurs Stud. 2009;46(6):813\u201323.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"8040_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(97)00100-X","volume":"29","author":"PE Ward","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ward PE, Sutherland J, Glen EM, Glen AI. Niacin skin flush in schizophrenia: a preliminary report. Schizophr Res. 1998;29(3):269\u201374.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"8040_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1998.5268","volume":"49","author":"Y Cao","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cao Y, Traer E, Zimmerman GA, McIntyre TM, Prescott SM. Cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization of human long-chain fatty acid coa ligase 4 (FACL4). Genomics. 1998;49(2):327\u201330.","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"8040_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.20156","volume":"127b","author":"J Covault","year":"2004","unstructured":"Covault J, Pettinati H, Moak D, Mueller T, Kranzler HR. Association of a long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase 4 gene polymorphism with depression and with enhanced niacin-induced dermal erythema. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics. 2004;127b(1):42\u20137.","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"8040_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-3278(96)90139-8","volume":"55","author":"AI Glen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Glen AI, Cooper SJ, Rybakowski J, Vaddadi K, Brayshaw N, Horrobin DF. Membrane fatty acids, niacin flushing and clinical parameters. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1996;55(1\u20132):9\u201315.","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"issue":"1","key":"8040_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.06.022","volume":"176","author":"M Koga","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koga M, Serritella AV, Sawa A, Sedlak TW. Implications for reactive oxygen species in schizophrenia pathogenesis. Schizophr Res. 2016;176(1):52\u201371.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"8040_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(02)00281-5","volume":"61","author":"H Tavares","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tavares H, Yacubian J, Talib LL, Barbosa NR, Gattaz WF. Increased phospholipase A2 activity in schizophrenia with absent response to niacin. Schizophr Res. 2003;61(1):1\u20136.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"8040_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.01.095","volume":"273","author":"C Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu C, Yang X, Sun L, Yang T, Cai C, Wang P, Jiang J, Qing Y, Hu X, Wang D, et al. An investigation of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2019;273:782\u20137.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"8040_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2006.10.002","volume":"152","author":"CM Liu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Liu CM, Chang SS, Liao SC, Hwang TJ, Shieh MH, Liu SK, Chen WJ, Hwu HG. Absent response to niacin skin patch is specific to schizophrenia and independent of smoking. Psychiatry Res. 2007;152(2\u20133):181\u20137.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"8040_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.12.017","volume":"324","author":"J Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang J, Qing Y, Liang J, Cui G, Wang Q, Zhang J, Yang X, Li M, Wang D, Fan Z, et al. Identification of adolescent patients with depression via assessment of the niacin skin flushing response. J Affect Disord. 2023;324:69\u201376.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"8040_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbv130","volume":"42","author":"JK Yao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yao JK, Dougherty GG Jr., Gautier CH, Haas GL, Condray R, Kasckow JW, Kisslinger BL, Gurklis JA, Messamore E. Prevalence and specificity of the abnormal niacin response: a potential endophenotype marker in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(2):369\u201376.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"8040_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13617","author":"J Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang J, Wang D, Gao Y, Sun L, Li S, Hu X, Li Z, Zhang J, Ji F, Tian Y, et al. Altered HCAR3 expression may underlying the blunted niacin responses of the psychiatric disorders and the risk of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pcn.13617.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"8040_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.02.016","volume":"137","author":"M Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li M, Yang X, Sun L, Qing Y, Hu X, Jiang J, Wang D, Cui G, Gao Y, Zhang E, et al. Decreased serum apolipoprotein A4 as a potential peripheral biomarker for patients with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res. 2021;137:14\u201321.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"8040_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103239","volume":"64","author":"X Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang X, Li M, Jiang J, Hu X, Qing Y, Sun L, Yang T, Wang D, Cui G, Gao Y, et al. Dysregulation of phospholipase and cyclooxygenase expression is involved in schizophrenia. EBioMedicine. 2021;64:103239.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"8040_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371205701108","volume":"57","author":"GD Shapiro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shapiro GD, Fraser WD, Seguin JR. Emerging risk factors for postpartum depression: serotonin transporter genotype and omega-3 fatty acid status. Can J Psychiatry. 2012;57(11):704\u201312.","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"8040_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1159\/000536559","volume":"89","author":"M La Verde","year":"2024","unstructured":"La Verde M, Luciano M, Fordellone M, Sampogna G, Lettieri D, Palma M, Torella D, Marrapodi MM, Di Vincenzo M, Torella M. Postpartum depression and inflammatory biomarkers of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio: a prospective observational study. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2024;89(2):140\u20139.","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"8040_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10358","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13606-2","volume":"12","author":"JS Castleman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Castleman JS, Lip GYH, Shantsila E. Monocytes are increased in pregnancy after gestational hypertensive disease. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):10358.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"8040_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.02.1182","volume":"82","author":"PY Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin PY, Chang CH, Chong MF, Chen H, Su KP. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in perinatal depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry. 2017;82(8):560\u20139.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"8040_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2017.11.013","volume":"98","author":"K Hamazaki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hamazaki K, Takamori A, Tsuchida A, Kigawa M, Tanaka T, Ito M, Adachi Y, Saito S, Origasa H, Inadera H, et al. Dietary intake of fish and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risks of perinatal depression: the Japan environment and children\u2019s study (JECS). J Psychiatr Res. 2018;98:9\u201316.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"8040_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19950106","volume":"74","author":"MD Al","year":"1995","unstructured":"Al MD, van Houwelingen AC, Kester AD, Hasaart TH, de Jong AE, Hornstra G. Maternal essential fatty acid patterns during normal pregnancy and their relationship to the neonatal essential fatty acid status. Br J Nutr. 1995;74(1):55\u201368.","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"8040_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252011248","author":"N Frankevich","year":"2024","unstructured":"Frankevich N, Chagovets V, Tokareva A, Starodubtseva N, Limonova E, Sukhikh G, Frankevich V. Dietary regulation of lipid metabolism in gestational diabetes mellitus: implications for fetal macrosomia. Int J Mol Sci. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms252011248.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"8040_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095747","author":"M La Verde","year":"2022","unstructured":"La Verde M, De Franciscis P, Torre C, Celardo A, Grassini G, Papa R, Cianci S, Capristo C, Morlando M, Riemma G. Accuracy of fetal biacromial diameter and derived ultrasonographic parameters to predict shoulder dystocia: a prospective observational study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19095747.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"8040_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114517000253","volume":"117","author":"H Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim H, Kang S, Jung BM, Yi H, Jung JA, Chang N. Breast milk fatty acid composition and fatty acid intake of lactating mothers in South Korea. Br J Nutr. 2017;117(4):556\u201361.","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"8040_CR41","first-page":"E458","volume":"246","author":"RN Kolesnick","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kolesnick RN, Musacchio I, Thaw C, Gershengorn MC. Arachidonic acid mobilizes calcium and stimulates prolactin secretion from GH3 cells. Am J Physiol. 1984;246(5 Pt 1):E458\u2013462.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"8040_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/123.12.2090","volume":"123","author":"M Ollivier-Bousquet","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ollivier-Bousquet M, Guesnet P, Seddiki T, Durand G. Deficiency of (n-6) but not (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibits the secretagogue effect of prolactin in lactating rat mammary epithelial cells. J Nutr. 1993;123(12):2090\u2013100.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"8040_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2012.12.002","volume":"89","author":"B Figueiredo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Figueiredo B, Dias CC, Brandao S, Canario C, Nunes-Costa R. Breastfeeding and postpartum depression: state of the art review. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2013;89(4):332\u20138.","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)"}],"container-title":["BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12884-025-08040-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12884-025-08040-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12884-025-08040-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T18:59:51Z","timestamp":1758740391000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12884-025-08040-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8040"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-025-08040-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2393"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2393","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 April 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All methods performed in the study were carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations of the institutional ethical review board and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants included in this study signed informed consent forms. The study was approved by the ethics committee of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital (Ethics acceptance number: KS20302).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"943"}}