{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:55:32Z","timestamp":1790826932659,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":73,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03am10p12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-026-09639-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T01:02:58Z","timestamp":1784509378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non-adherence to iron and folic acid consumption among Indian pregnant women: evidences from national family health survey-5 data (2019-21)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0806-5215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angan","family":"Sengupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8446-9587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meghna","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6518-6163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tina","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"9639_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S101","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265080292S114","volume":"29","author":"AM Molloy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Molloy AM, Kirke PN, Brody LC, Scott JM, Mills JL. Effects of folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies during pregnancy on fetal, infant, and child development. Food Nutr Bull. 2008;29(Suppl 2):S101\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15648265080292S114.","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"key":"9639_CR2","volume-title":"Guideline: daily iron and folic acid supplementation in pregnant women","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Guideline: daily iron and folic acid supplementation in pregnant women. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012."},{"issue":"9","key":"9639_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3060","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093060","volume":"13","author":"EB Felipe-Dimog","year":"2021","unstructured":"Felipe-Dimog EB, Yu CH, Ho CH, Liang FW. Factors influencing the compliance of pregnant women with iron and folic acid supplementation in the Philippines: 2017 Philippine Demographic and Health Survey analysis. Nutrients. 2021;13(9):3060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13093060.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"9639_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.5152\/jtgga.2015.15232","volume":"16","author":"CE Taner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Taner CE, Ekin A, Solmaz U, Gezer C, Cetin B, Kelesoglu M, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of anemia among pregnant women attending a high-volume tertiary care center for delivery. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2015;16(4):231\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/jtgga.2015.15232.","journal-title":"J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc"},{"key":"9639_CR5","volume-title":"National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), 2019\u201321","author":"International Institute for Population Sciences","year":"2022","unstructured":"International Institute for Population Sciences. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), 2019\u201321. Mumbai: International Institute for Population Sciences; 2022."},{"key":"9639_CR6","volume-title":"Mission guidelines for antenatal care and skilled attendance at birth by ANMs\/LHVs\/SNs","author":"Maternal Health Division","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maternal Health Division. Mission guidelines for antenatal care and skilled attendance at birth by ANMs\/LHVs\/SNs. New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India; 2010."},{"key":"9639_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3602585","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3602585","volume":"2019","author":"Y Workineh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Workineh Y, Semachew A, Ayalew E, Temesgen WA. Compliance to iron-folic acid supplementation and its association with the number of ANC visits in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Prev Med. 2019;2019:3602585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/3602585.","journal-title":"Adv Prev Med"},{"key":"9639_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4275-9","volume":"12","author":"KD Yadav","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yadav KD, Yadav UN, Wagle RR, Thakur DN, Dhakal S. Compliance of iron and folic acid supplementation and status of anaemia during pregnancy in the Eastern Terai of Nepal: findings from hospital-based cross-sectional study. BMC Res Notes. 2019;12:242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13104-019-4275-9.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"9639_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fite MB, Roba KT, Olijira L, Tura AK, Yadeta TA. Compliance with iron and folic acid supplementation (IFAS) and associated factors among pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0249789.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249789"},{"key":"9639_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saha S, Pandya AK, Raval D, Wanjari MB, Saxena D. A study of maternal anemia and utilization of antenatal and postnatal care services in Devbhumi Dwarka, Gujarat. Cureus. 2022;14(10). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.30427.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.30427"},{"issue":"1","key":"9639_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v14i1.39","volume":"14","author":"P Mithra","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mithra P, Unnikrishnan B, Rekha T, Nithin K, Mohan K, Kulkarni V, et al. Compliance with iron-folic acid (IFA) therapy among pregnant women in an urban area of South India. Afr Health Sci. 2014;14(1):255\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/ahs.v14i1.39.","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"9639_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3613","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_356_20","volume":"9","author":"S Debi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Debi S, Basu G, Mondal R, Chakrabarti S, Roy SK, Ghosh S. Compliance to iron-folic-acid supplementation and associated factors among pregnant women: a cross-sectional survey in a district of West Bengal, India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020;9(7):3613\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_356_20.","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"9639_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_2390_20","volume":"10","author":"TJ Deori","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deori TJ, Ramaswamy G, Jaiswal A, Loganathan V, Kumar R, Mahey R, et al. Compliance with iron folic acid (IFA) tablets and associated factors among pregnant women attending ante-natal care clinic at Sub District Hospital, Ballabgarh. J Family Med Prim Care. 2021;10(5):2006\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_2390_20.","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"9639_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_2143_21","volume":"11","author":"P Choudhuri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Choudhuri P, Debbarma A, Debbarma S, Reang T. Compliance to iron and folic acid tablets among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Agartala Government Medical College. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11(6):2763\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_2143_21.","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"9639_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2473-6","volume":"19","author":"G Kumar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kumar G, Choudhary TS, Srivastava A, Sanarya K, Singh P, Upadhyay RP, et al. Utilisation, equity and determinants of full antenatal care in India: analysis from the National Family Health Survey 4. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19:327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-019-2473-6.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"4","key":"9639_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.47203\/IJCH.2022.v34i04.002","volume":"34","author":"A Khanam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khanam A, Vohra K, Achary TMG, Ranjith A, Bharti H, Rupam, et al. A systematic review of factors affecting compliance toward oral iron-folic acid supplementation among pregnant women in India. Indian J Community Health. 2022;34(4):456\u201363.","journal-title":"Indian J Community Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"9639_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2017.02.001","volume":"5","author":"A Chourasia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chourasia A, Pandey CM, Awasthi A. Factors influencing the consumption of iron and folic acid supplementations in high focus states of India. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health. 2017;5(4):180\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cegh.2017.02.001.","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"9639_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2023.101309","volume":"22","author":"M Dakua","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dakua M, Das KC. The association of household wealth and migration status on antenatal care in India, 2015\u201316. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health. 2023;22:101309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cegh.2023.101309.","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"9639_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-2835-0","volume":"20","author":"FW Sendeku","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sendeku FW, Azeze GG, Fenta SL. Adherence to iron-folic acid supplementation among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20:138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-020-2835-0.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"15","key":"9639_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980020001263","volume":"23","author":"PK Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh PK, Dubey R, Singh L, Kumar C, Rai RK, Singh S. Public health interventions to improve maternal nutrition during pregnancy: a nationally representative study of iron and folic acid consumption and food supplements in India. Public Health Nutr. 2020;23(15):2671\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1368980020001263.","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"9639_CR21","first-page":"457","volume":"5","author":"AJ Dutta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dutta AJ, Patel P, Bansal RK. Compliance to iron supplementation among pregnant women: a cross-sectional study in urban slum. Natl J Community Med. 2014;5(4):457\u201362.","journal-title":"Natl J Community Med"},{"key":"9639_CR22","unstructured":"Rai SS, Ratanasiri T, Koju R, Arkaravichien T. Effect of knowledge and perception on adherence to iron and folate supplementation during pregnancy in Kathmandu, Nepal. J Med Assoc Thai. 2014;97(10 Suppl):74."},{"issue":"4","key":"9639_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(01)00185-X","volume":"55","author":"R Galloway","year":"2002","unstructured":"Galloway R, Dusch E, Elder L, Achadi E, Grajeda R, Hurtado E, et al. Women\u2019s perceptions of iron deficiency and anemia prevention and control in eight developing countries. Soc Sci Med. 2002;55(4):529\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0277-9536(01)00185-X.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"9639_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20191392","volume":"6","author":"K Manasa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Manasa K, Chandrakumar SG, Prashantha B. Assessment of compliance with iron-folic acid therapy during pregnancy among postnatal mothers in a tertiary care centre, Mysuru. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2019;6(4):1665\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20191392.","journal-title":"Int J Community Med Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"9639_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-93042016000200006","volume":"16","author":"RP Niquini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Niquini RP, Bittencourt SDDA, Lacerda EMDA, Saunders C, Leal MDC. Factors associated with non-adherence to prescribed iron supplement use: a study with pregnant women in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Rev Bras Saude Mater Infant. 2016;16(2):189\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1806-93042016000200006.","journal-title":"Rev Bras Saude Mater Infant"},{"issue":"2","key":"9639_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980012003579","volume":"16","author":"T Chakma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chakma T, Rao PV, Meshram PK. Factors associated with high compliance\/feasibility during iron and folic acid supplementation in a tribal area of Madhya Pradesh, India. Public Health Nutr. 2013;16(2):377\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1368980012003579.","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"9639_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sharma J, Devanathan S, Sengupta A, Rajeshwari PN. Assessing the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and risk factors among children and women: a case study of rural Uttar Pradesh. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health. 2024;101545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cegh.2024.101545.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2024.101545"},{"issue":"3","key":"9639_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90172-4","volume":"39","author":"R Galloway","year":"1994","unstructured":"Galloway R, McGuire J. Determinants of compliance with iron supplementation: supplies, side effects, or psychology? Soc Sci Med. 1994;39(3):381\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90172-4.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"9639_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2703","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_421_19","volume":"8","author":"R Selvaraj","year":"2019","unstructured":"Selvaraj R, Ramakrishnan J, Sahu SK, Kar SS, Laksham KB, Premarajan KC, et al. High prevalence of anemia among postnatal mothers in Urban Puducherry: a community-based study. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019;8(8):2703\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_421_19.","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"9639_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.27006","volume":"98","author":"M Nair","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nair M, Choudhury SS, Rani A, et al. The complex relationship between iron status and anemia in pregnant and postpartum women in India: analysis of two Indian study cohorts of uncomplicated pregnancies. Am J Hematol. 2023;98(11):1721\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.27006.","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"9639_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hnm.2024.200237","volume":"35","author":"MV Smitha","year":"2024","unstructured":"Smitha MV, Indumathi P, Parichha S, Kullu S, Roy S, Gurjar S, et al. Compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation, associated factors, and barriers among postpartum women in Eastern India. Hum Nutr Metab. 2024;35:200237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hnm.2024.200237.","journal-title":"Hum Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"9639_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czac020","volume":"37","author":"W Joe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Joe W, Rinju, Patel N, Alambusha R, Kulkarni B, Yadav K, et al. Coverage of iron and folic acid supplementation in India: progress under the Anemia Mukt Bharat strategy 2017\u201320. Health Policy Plan. 2022;37(5):597\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/heapol\/czac020.","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"}],"container-title":["BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12884-026-09639-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12884-026-09639-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12884-026-09639-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:00:54Z","timestamp":1790823654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12884-026-09639-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9639"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-026-09639-4","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4587207\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2393"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2393","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The protocol and the content of all the data collection tools for the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-5, was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and the ICF Institutional Review Board, alongside the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). During the data collection process the health investigators were trained on informed consent procedures, the informed consent statement was read and the consent that was obtained from all of the participants was informed.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"We confirm that no identifying images or other personal or clinical details of any participant has been used in this study or presented in this manuscript. Hence, obtaining a \u2018consent for publication\u2019 from participants is not applicable for this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1089"}}