{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T22:18:55Z","timestamp":1793312335461,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004201","name":"Oncosuisse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004201","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the most important risk factor for the development of cervical cancer, but factors contributing to HR-HPV persistence are incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to test for associations of chronic stress and two aspects of diurnal cortisol secretion (i.e., the cortisol awakening response [CAR] and total cortisol output over the day [AUCgday]) with HR-HPV status at baseline and 12\u2009months later (follow-up).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We evaluated 188 women (25\u2009\u00b1\u20093\u2009years) at baseline. Follow-up investigation was restricted to HR-HPV infected women at baseline. Of the initial 48 HR-HPV positive participants, 42 completed the follow-up (16 HR-HPV positive and 26 HR-HPV negative). At baseline and follow-up, we determined HR-HPV status in cervical smears, assessed chronic stress, and repeatedly measured salivary cortisol over the day. At baseline, we analyzed salivary cortisol only in a subgroup of 90 participants (45 HR-HPV negative and 45 HR-HPV positive).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>At baseline, higher chronic stress (excessive demands at work: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.022, chronic worrying: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.032), and a higher CAR (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.014) were related to baseline HR-HPV positivity. At follow-up, there was a statistical trend for a positive association between the CAR and HR-HPV positivity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.062). Neither the CAR nor the AUCgday mediated the associations between chronic stress and HR-HPV status.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our findings suggest that both chronic stress and diurnal cortisol are related to the presence of HR-HPV infection and may thus play a role in HPV-associated cervical carcinogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-08010-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T14:34:10Z","timestamp":1618583650000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Is stress related to the presence and persistence of oncogenic human papillomavirus infection in young women?"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Kuebler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Mernone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Breymann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elvira","family":"Abbruzzese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1982-8321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrike","family":"Ehlert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"8010_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. GLOBOCAN 2018: Estimated cancer indicidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide in 2018 https:\/\/gco.iarc.fr\/today\/data\/factsheets\/cancers\/23-Cervix-uteri-fact-sheet.pdf. 2018"},{"key":"8010_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2017.08.006","volume":"47","author":"B Serrano","year":"2018","unstructured":"Serrano B, Brotons M, Bosch FX, Bruni L. Epidemiology and burden of HPV-related disease. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;47:14\u201326.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"11","key":"8010_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70230-8","volume":"11","author":"S de Sanjose","year":"2010","unstructured":"de Sanjose S, Quint WGV, Alemany L, Geraets DT, Klaustermeier JE, Lloveras B, et al. Human papillomavirus genotype attribution in invasive cervical cancer: a retrospective cross-sectional worldwide study. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11(11):1048\u201356.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"8010_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djn044","volume":"100","author":"AC Rodriguez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rodriguez AC, Schiffman M, Herrero R, Wacholder S, Hildesheim A, Castle PE, et al. Rapid clearance of human papillomavirus and implications for clinical focus on persistent infections. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100(7):513\u20137.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"9590","key":"8010_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61416-0","volume":"370","author":"M Schiffman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schiffman M, Castle PE, Jeronimo J, Rodriguez AC, Wacholder S. Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. Lancet. 2007;370(9590):890\u2013907.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"8010_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2015.3295","volume":"10","author":"D Song","year":"2015","unstructured":"Song D, Li H, Li H, Dai J. Effect of human papillomavirus infection on the immune system and its role in the course of cervical cancer. Oncol Lett. 2015;10(2):600\u20136.","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"8010_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.09.002","volume":"24","author":"M Stanley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stanley M. Immune responses to human papillomavirus. Vaccine. 2006;24:S16\u201322.","journal-title":"Vaccine."},{"issue":"3","key":"8010_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-1591(91)90023-4","volume":"5","author":"RH Bonneau","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bonneau RH, Sheridan JF, Feng NG, Glaser R. Stress-induced effects on cell-mediated innate and adaptive memory components of the murine immune response to herpes simplex virus infection. Brain Behav Immun. 1991;5(3):274\u201395.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"8010_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-014-8517-0","volume":"58","author":"FS Dhabhar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dhabhar FS. Effects of stress on immune function: the good, the bad, and the beautiful. Immunol Res. 2014;58(2\u20133):193\u2013210.","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"8010_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M477","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.8.M477","volume":"56","author":"R Glaser","year":"2001","unstructured":"Glaser R, MacCallum RC, Laskowski BF, Malarkey WB, Sheridan JF, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Evidence for a shift in the Th-1 to Th-2 cytokine response associated with chronic stress and aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(8):M477\u201382.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"8010_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3043","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.7.3043","volume":"93","author":"JK Kiecolt-Glaser","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Glaser R, Gravenstein S, Malarkey WB, Sheridan J. Chronic stress alters the immune response to influenza virus vaccine in older adults. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93(7):3043\u20137.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"7","key":"8010_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.04.014","volume":"24","author":"D Schmidt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schmidt D, Reber SO, Botteron C, Barth T, Peterlik D, Uschold N, et al. Chronic psychosocial stress promotes systemic immune activation and the development of inflammatory Th cell responses. Brain Behav Immun. 2010;24(7):1097\u2013104.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"9","key":"8010_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2012.05.008","volume":"37","author":"FS Dhabhar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dhabhar FS, Malarkey WB, Neri E, McEwen BS. Stress-induced redistribution of immune cells\u2014from barracks to boulevards to battlefields: a tale of three hormones \u2013 Curt Richter award winner. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2012;37(9):1345\u201368.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology."},{"key":"8010_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2015.03.007","volume":"5","author":"JN Morey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Morey JN, Boggero IA, Scott AB, Segerstrom SC. Current directions in stress and human immune function. Curr Opin Psychol. 2015;5:13\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychol"},{"key":"8010_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.4.601","volume":"130","author":"SC Segerstrom","year":"2004","unstructured":"Segerstrom SC, Miller GE. Psychological stress and the human immune system: a meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry. Psychol Bull. 2004;130:601\u201330.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"5","key":"8010_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1159\/000216188","volume":"16","author":"FS Dhabhar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dhabhar FS. Enhancing versus suppressive effects of stress on immune function: implications for immunoprotection and immunopathology. Neuroimmunomodulation. 2009;16(5):300\u201317.","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation."},{"key":"8010_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.1","volume":"17","author":"DW Cain","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cain DW, Cidlowski JA. Immune regulation by glucocorticoids. Nat Rev Immunol. 2017;17:233.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8010_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1571","volume":"5","author":"R Glaser","year":"2005","unstructured":"Glaser R, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Stress-induced immune dysfunction: implications for health. Nat Rev Immunol. 2005;5(3):243\u201351.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"8010_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.1.25","volume":"133","author":"GE Miller","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miller GE, Chen E, Zhou ES. If it goes up, must it come down? Chronic stress and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in humans. Psychol Bull. 2007;133:25\u201345.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"3","key":"8010_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2008.10.004","volume":"80","author":"Y Chida","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chida Y, Steptoe A. Cortisol awakening response and psychosocial factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Psychol. 2009;80(3):265\u201378.","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"8010_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1321.010","volume":"1024","author":"IJ Elenkov","year":"2004","unstructured":"Elenkov IJ. Glucocorticoids and the Th1\/Th2 balance. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1024:138\u201346.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"5523","key":"8010_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1059835","volume":"292","author":"AC Mullen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mullen AC, High FA, Hutchins AS, Lee HW, Villarino AV, Livingston DM, et al. Role of T-bet in commitment of TH1 cells before IL-12-dependent selection. Science. 2001;292(5523):1907\u201310.","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"1","key":"8010_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/83158","volume":"2","author":"J Das","year":"2001","unstructured":"Das J, Chen CH, Yang L, Cohn L, Ray P, Ray A. A critical role for NF-kappa B in GATA3 expression and TH2 differentiation in allergic airway inflammation. Nat Immunol. 2001;2(1):45\u201350.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"8010_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20151159","volume":"212","author":"MD Buck","year":"2015","unstructured":"Buck MD, O\u2019Sullivan D, Pearce EL. T cell metabolism drives immunity. J Exp Med. 2015;212(9):1345\u201360.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"8010_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-1788","volume":"76","author":"D Lu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lu D, Sundstrom K, Sparen P, Fall K, Sjolander A, Dillner J, et al. Bereavement is associated with an increased risk of HPV infection and cervical cancer: an epidemiological study in Sweden. Cancer Res. 2016;76(3):643\u201351.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"8010_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-014-0352-z","volume":"25","author":"B Kennedy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kennedy B, Valdimarsdottir U, Sundstrom K, Sparen P, Lambe M, Fall K, et al. Loss of a parent and the risk of cancer in early life: a nationwide cohort study. Cancer Causes Control. 2014;25(4):499\u2013506.","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"3","key":"8010_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(88)90075-X","volume":"32","author":"MH Antoni","year":"1988","unstructured":"Antoni MH, Goodkin K. Host moderator variables in the promotion of cervical neoplasia\u2014I. Personality facets. J Psychosom Res. 1988;32(3):327\u201338.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"8010_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1188\/14.CJON.65-73","volume":"18","author":"SK Cesario","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cesario SK, McFarlane J, Nava A, Gilroy H, Maddoux J. Linking cancer and intimate partner violence: the importance of screening women in the oncology setting. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2014;18(1):65\u201373.","journal-title":"Clin J Oncol Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"8010_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PSY.0000041471.57895.08","volume":"65","author":"AL Coker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Coker AL, Bond S, Madeleine MM, Luchok K, Pirisi L. Psychosocial stress and cervical neoplasia risk. Psychosom Med. 2003;65(4):644\u201351.","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"8010_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(86)90068-1","volume":"30","author":"K Goodkin","year":"1986","unstructured":"Goodkin K, Antoni MH, Blaney PH. Stress and hopelessness in the promotion of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia to invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. J Psychosom Res. 1986;30(1):67\u201376.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"8010_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PSY.0000041620.37866.89","volume":"65","author":"DB Pereira","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pereira DB, Antoni MH, Danielson A, Simon T, Efantis-Potter J, Carver CS, et al. Life stress and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in women with human papillomavirus and human immunodeficiency virus. Psychosom Med. 2003;65(3):427\u201334.","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"8010_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2005.03.003","volume":"97","author":"ES Tiersma","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tiersma ES, van der Lee ML, Garssen B, Peters AA, Visser AP, Fleuren GJ, et al. Psychosocial factors and the course of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia: a prospective study. Gynecol Oncol. 2005;97(3):879\u201386.","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8010_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2008.0982","volume":"18","author":"JE Wilkerson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wilkerson JE, Bailey JM, Bieniasz ME, Murray SI, Ruffin MT. Psychosocial factors in risk of cervical intraepithelial lesions. J Women's Health (Larchmt). 2009;18(4):513\u20138.","journal-title":"J Women's Health (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"1","key":"8010_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-007-9007-6","volume":"35","author":"CY Fang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fang CY, Miller SM, Bovbjerg DH, Bergman C, Edelson MI, Rosenblum NG, et al. Perceived stress is associated with impaired T-cell response to HPV16 in women with cervical dysplasia. Ann Behav Med. 2008;35(1):87\u201396.","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"8010_CR35","first-page":"485","volume":"12","author":"H Richardson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Richardson H, Kelsall G, Tellier P, Voyer H, Abrahamowicz M, Ferenczy A, et al. The natural history of type-specific human papillomavirus infections in female university students. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prevent. 2003;12(6):485\u201390.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prevent"},{"key":"8010_CR36","volume-title":"Trierer Inventar zum chronischen stress (TICS). [Trier inventory for chronic stress (TICS)]","author":"P Schulz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schulz P, Schlotz W, Becker P. Trierer Inventar zum chronischen stress (TICS). [Trier inventory for chronic stress (TICS)]. G\u00f6ttingen: Hogrefe; 2004."},{"issue":"3","key":"8010_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0b013e328364f273","volume":"23","author":"A Asiaf","year":"2014","unstructured":"Asiaf A, Ahmad ST, Mohammad SO, Zargar MA. Review of the current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prevention of human papillomavirus infection. Eur J Cancer Prevent. 2014;23(3):206\u201324.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Prevent"},{"issue":"2","key":"8010_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","volume":"28","author":"DJ Buysse","year":"1989","unstructured":"Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28(2):193\u2013213.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"8010_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2015.1087503","volume":"18","author":"SM Bassett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bassett SM, Lupis SB, Gianferante D, Rohleder N, Wolf JM. Sleep quality but not sleep quantity effects on cortisol responses to acute psychosocial stress. Stress. 2015;18(6):638\u201344.","journal-title":"Stress."},{"issue":"5","key":"8010_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2010.01.028","volume":"99","author":"A Omisade","year":"2010","unstructured":"Omisade A, Buxton OM, Rusak B. Impact of acute sleep restriction on cortisol and leptin levels in young women. Physiol Behav. 2010;99(5):651\u20136.","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"8010_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pruessner JC, Kirschbaum C, Meinlschmid G, Hellhammer DH. Two formulas for computation of the area under the curve represent measures of total hormone concentration versus time-dependent change. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2003;28(7):916\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0306-4530(02)00108-7.","DOI":"10.1016\/s0306-4530(02)00108-7"},{"key":"8010_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.10.010","volume":"63","author":"T Stalder","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stalder T, Kirschbaum C, Kudielka BM, Adam EK, Pruessner JC, W\u00fcst S, et al. Assessment of the cortisol awakening response: expert consensus guidelines. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2016;63:414\u201332.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology."},{"key":"8010_CR43","unstructured":"Hayes AF. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: a regression-based approach. New York: The Guilford Press; 2013."},{"issue":"3","key":"8010_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.40.3.879","volume":"40","author":"KJ Preacher","year":"2008","unstructured":"Preacher KJ, Hayes AF. Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behav Res Methods. 2008;40(3):879\u201391.","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"8010_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28119","volume":"133","author":"ME Scott","year":"2013","unstructured":"Scott ME, Shvetsov YB, Thompson PJ, Hernandez BY, Zhu X, Wilkens LR, et al. Cervical cytokines and clearance of incident human papillomavirus infection: Hawaii HPV cohort study. Int J Cancer. 2013;133(5):1187\u201396.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"8010_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706009445","volume":"37","author":"C Nickel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nickel C, Tanca S, Kolowos S, Pedrosa-Gil F, Bachler E, Loew TH, et al. Men with chronic occupational stress benefit from behavioural\/psycho-educational group training: a randomized, prospective, controlled trial. Psychol Med. 2007;37(8):1141\u20139.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"8010_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.1053","volume":"16","author":"J Waller","year":"2007","unstructured":"Waller J, McCaffery K, Kitchener H, Nazroo J, Wardle J. Women's experiences of repeated HPV testing in the context of cervical cancer screening: a qualitative study. Psycho-oncology. 2007;16(3):196\u2013204.","journal-title":"Psycho-oncology."},{"issue":"2","key":"8010_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-015-3821-z","volume":"293","author":"F Thangarajah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thangarajah F, Einzmann T, Bergauer F, Patzke J, Schmidt-Petruschkat S, Theune M, et al. Cervical screening program and the psychological impact of an abnormal pap smear: a self-assessment questionnaire study of 590 patients. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2016;293(2):391\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"}],"container-title":["BMC Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12885-021-08010-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12885-021-08010-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12885-021-08010-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T14:35:32Z","timestamp":1618583732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccancer.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12885-021-08010-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-021-08010-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2407"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2407","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 January 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Ethics Committee of the University of Zurich, Switzerland, formally approved the research protocol, which was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent before participating in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"419"}}