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Their biological functions were predicted by the STRING and Metascape databases. CIBERSORT was utilized for inferring the compositions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in each sample. Correlation between hub genes and immune cells was then analyzed. Hub genes were validated in hepatoblastoma tissues via western blot or immunohistochemistry. After transfection with sh-NOTUM, migration and invasion of HuH-6 and HepG2 cells were investigated. The nude mouse tumorigenesis model was constructed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Totally, 83 aberrantly methylated and expressed genes were determined in hepatoblastoma, which were mainly involved in metabolic and cancer-related pathways. Moreover, their expression was liver-specific. 13 hub genes were screened, which were closely related to immune cells in hepatoblastoma tissues. Among them, it was confirmed that AXIN2, LAMB1 and NOTUM were up-regulated and SERPINC1 was down-regulated in hepatoblastoma than normal tissues. NOTUM knockdown distinctly weakened migration and invasion of HuH-6 and HepG2 cells and tumor growth in vivo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study identified aberrantly methylated and expressed signatures that were in relation to immune microenvironment in hepatoblastoma. Targeting NOTUM hub gene could suppress migration and invasion of hepatoblastoma cells. Thus, these aberrantly methylated and expressed genes might act as therapeutic agents in hepatoblastoma therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-08893-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T21:02:29Z","timestamp":1635454949000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["RETRACTED ARTICLE: Development and validation of genomic and epigenomic signatures associated with tumor immune microenvironment in hepatoblastoma"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yanbing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"8893_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-019-1119-7","volume":"18","author":"L Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu L, Wang J, Sun G, Wu Q, Ma J, Zhang X, et al. m (6) a mRNA methylation regulates CTNNB1 to promote the proliferation of hepatoblastoma. 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Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail:","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-026-16669-w","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-026-16669-w","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hunan Children\u2019s Hospital (HCHLL-2021-09). The research has been carried out in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"In this study, paraffin section specimens were collected from children. 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