{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T10:34:36Z","timestamp":1775039676687,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Shear wave elastography can evaluate tissue stiffness. Previous studies showed that the elasticity characteristics of breast lesions were related to the components of extracellular matrix which was regulated by transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-\u03b21) directly or indirectly. However, the correlation of the expression level of TGF-\u03b21, its signal molecules and elasticity characteristics of breast lesions have rarely been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the expression level of TGF-\u03b21, its signal molecules, and the elasticity characteristics of breast lesions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>135 breast lesions in 130 patients were included. Elasticity parameters, including elasticity modulus, the elasticity ratio, the \u201cstiff rim sign\u201d, were recorded before biopsy and surgical excision. The expression levels of TGF-\u03b21 and its signal molecules, including Smad2\/3, Erk1\/2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 (JNK2), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (PKB\/AKT) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The diagnostic performance of the expression level of those molecules and their correlation with the elasticity characteristics were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Elasticity parameters and the expression levels of TGF- \u03b21 and its signal molecules of benign lesions were lower than those of malignant lesions (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.0001). The expression levels of TGF- \u03b21 and its signal molecules were correlated with elasticity parameters. The expression levels of TGF- \u03b21 and its signal molecules in lesions with \u201cstiff rim sign\u201d were higher than those without \u201cstiff rim sign\u201d (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). And the expression levels of Smad2\/3, Erk1\/2, p38 MAPK, JNK2, PI3K and AKT were correlated with that of TGF- \u03b21. The area under the curve for receiver\u2002operator\u2002characteristic\u2002curve of TGF-\u03b21 and its signal molecules in the differentiation of malignant and benign breast lesions ranged from 0.920\u20130.960.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The expression levels of TGF-\u03b21, its signal molecules of breast lesions showed good diagnostic performance and were correlated with the elasticity parameters. The expression levels of signal molecules were correlated with that of TGF- \u03b21, which speculated that TGF- \u03b21 might play an important role in the regulation of breast lesion elasticity parameters and multiple signal molecule expressions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-09036-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T23:02:22Z","timestamp":1639609342000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["TGF-\u03b21 and its signal molecules: are they correlated with the elasticity characteristics of breast lesions?"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Meng Ke","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shi Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"9036_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21654","volume":"71","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A. 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The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). The study was approved by medical ethics committee of Chinese PLA General Hospital (No. S2020\u2013336-01), and written informed consent was obtained from all patients.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"We declare that we have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work, there is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and\/or company that could be construed as influencing the position presented in, or the review of, the manuscript entitled.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1336"}}