{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T22:53:26Z","timestamp":1780700006382,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cancer"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Cervical cancer (CxCa), although preventable, is still among the most prevalent cancers in women. Mortality from this cancer is high, especially in low-income countries where preventive strategies are often lacking. We studied the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding CxCa among Yemeni women.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 among 399 women in five major hospitals in Sanaa, the capital city of Yemen. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires. We used logistic regression models to analyze the likelihood of hearing about CxCa, believing that CxCa is treatable and preventable, awareness of the Pap smear test, and ever having this test, in relation to participant\u2019s age, education level, working outside the household, and family history of CxCa.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Only 66.7% of the women had heard of CxCa. Women with higher education, working outside the household, and with a family history of CxCa were more likely to be aware of CxCa. Working outside the household was the only variable related to a higher likelihood of knowing that CxCa is a treatable and preventable. Furthermore, women with a family history of CxCa were more likely to have knowledge about Pap smear test and were more likely to have Pap smear test in the past.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study identified a low awareness of CxCa and its prevention among Yemeni women. In order to reduce the burden of CxCa in Yemen and save women\u2019s lives, it is necessary to raise women\u2019s awareness of this disease, especially among those with lower education and those not involved in work outside their homes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-024-12435-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T12:06:03Z","timestamp":1717675563000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Factors related to knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding cervical cancer among Yemeni women"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Boshra","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Galbarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grazyna","family":"Jasienska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Ba-Break","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00fclya","family":"G\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"12435_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e197","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00501-0","volume":"11","author":"D Singh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Singh D, Vignat J, Lorenzoni V, Eslahi M, Ginsburg O, Lauby-Secretan B, et al. Global estimates of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in 2020: a baseline analysis of the WHO Global Cervical Cancer Elimination Initiative. Lancet Glob Health. 2023;11(2):e197\u2013206.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"12435_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jradi H, Bawazir A. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices among Saudi women regarding cervical cancer, human papillomavirus (HPV) and corresponding vaccine. elsevier,vaccine(2019) [Internet]. 2019;37:530\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.11.065.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.11.065"},{"key":"12435_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nwankwo KC, Aniebue UU, Aguwa EN, Anarado AN. Knowledge attitudes and practices of cervical cancer screening among urban and rural Nigerian women: a call for education and mass screening. European Journal of Cancer Care, 2011, 20, 362\u2013367. 2011.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2354.2009.01175.x"},{"key":"12435_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manikandan S, Behera S, Naidu NM, Angamuthu V, Farooq O, Mohammed B et al. Knowledge and awareness toward cervical cancer screening and prevention among the professional college female students, India. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences,Wednesday, May 29, 2019, S314-320. 2019.","DOI":"10.4103\/JPBS.JPBS_21_19"},{"issue":"1","key":"12435_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4198-8","volume":"18","author":"S Touch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Touch S, Oh JK. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward cervical cancer prevention among women in Kampong Speu Province, Cambodia. BMC Cancer. 2018;18(1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"12435_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-014-0159-9","volume":"15","author":"SZ Assoumou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Assoumou SZ, Mabika BM, Mbiguino AN, Mouallif M, Khattabi A, Ennaji MM. Awareness and knowledge regarding of cervical cancer, pap smear screening and human papillomavirus infection in Gabonese women. BMC Womens Health [Internet]. 2015;15(1):1\u20137. Available from: ???.","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health [Internet]"},{"key":"12435_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stewart Bernardw, Wild CP. World Cancer Report 2014. Lyon; 2014.","DOI":"10.12968\/nuwa.2014.10.2.1142051"},{"key":"12435_CR8","unstructured":"\u00d6renli G. \u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretim ikinci kademede \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6ren k\u0131z \u00f6\u011frencilerin annelerinin rahim a\u011fz\u0131 kanseri ve HPV a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 konusunda bilgi tutum davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131. Y\u00fcksek lisans tezi,B\u00fclent Ecevit \u00fcniversitesi Sa\u011flik Bilimleri Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc. 2015."},{"issue":"1","key":"12435_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-08580-3","volume":"21","author":"JY Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim JY, Lee DW, Kim MJ, Shin JE, Shin YJ, Lee HN. Secondhand smoke exposure, diabetes, and high BMI are risk factors for uterine cervical cancer: a cross-sectional study from the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (2010\u20132018). BMC Cancer. 2021;21(1):1\u20136.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"12435_CR10","unstructured":"IARC. List of Classifications by cancer sites with sufficient or limited evidence in humans, Volumes 1 to 127. International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC 1965\u20132020 \u2014, Adapted from Table 4 in Cogliano et al et al. (2011). 2020;1\u20139."},{"key":"12435_CR11","unstructured":"G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f \u00d6ncel E. Aile hekimli\u011fi poliklini\u011fine ba\u015fvuran 21 ya\u015f ve \u00fcst\u00fc kad\u0131nlar\u0131n serviks kanseri taramas\u0131 konusundaki bilgi ve tutumlar\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131. Uzmanlik Tezi,Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi; 2016."},{"key":"12435_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.4999\/uhod.09061","volume":"21","author":"N Reis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reis N, Beji NK, Kili\u00e7 D. Risk factors for cervical cancer: results from a hospital-based case-control study. Int Gournal Hematol Oncol. 2011;21:153\u201360.","journal-title":"Int Gournal Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"12435_CR13","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"RT Kassa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kassa RT, Gurmessa TO, Lemma TF, Abebe WS. Cervical cancer and screening method: knowledge, attitude and practice in Adama Town. J Women\u2019s Health Care 2019. 2019;8(2):1\u20139.","journal-title":"J Women\u2019s Health Care 2019"},{"key":"12435_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cohen PA, Jhingran A, Oaknin A, Denny L, Cervical. cancer. The Lancet,Vol 393 January 12, 2019 [Internet]. 2019;393(10167):169\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32470-X.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32470-X"},{"issue":"1","key":"12435_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-07847-z","volume":"21","author":"JH Obol","year":"2021","unstructured":"Obol JH, Lin S, Obwolo MJ, Harrison R, Richmond R. Knowledge, attitudes, and practice of cervical cancer prevention among health workers in rural health centres of Northern Uganda. BMC Cancer. 2021;21(1):1\u201315.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"12435_CR16","unstructured":"WHO. Comprehensive cervical cancer prevention and control: a healthier future for girls and women. World Health Organization 2013,ISBN 978 92 4 150514 7 (NLM classification: WP 480). Switzerland; 2013."},{"key":"12435_CR17","unstructured":"YHM. Yemeni Health Ministry Reprot. 2014."},{"key":"12435_CR18","unstructured":"UN-OHRLLS. List of least developed countries. United Nations of the High Representative for Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States UN list of Least Developed Countries. 2018."},{"key":"12435_CR19","unstructured":"YHM YHM. Annual statististical health report. Vol. (5)2. Yemen; 2014."},{"key":"12435_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yitagesu H, Samuel Y, Tariku L. Knowledge, attitude and practice for cervical cancer prevention and control among women of childbearing age in Hossana Town, Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia: Community-based cross-sectional study. Plos One July 25, 2017. 2017;12(7):181\u2013200.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181415"},{"key":"12435_CR21","unstructured":"Baran M. Meme ve serviks kanseri konusunda kadinlarin bilgi ve bilin\u00e7 d\u00fczeyleri. Y\u00fcksek lisans tezi,Beykent \u00dcniversitesi; 2013."},{"key":"12435_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoque ME, Ghuman S, Hal G, Van. Human papillomavirus vaccination acceptability among female university students in South Africa. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, Vol 14, 2013,. 2013;4865\u20139.","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2013.14.8.4865"},{"key":"12435_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghose S, Radhakrishnan V, Bhattacharya S. Ethics of cancer care: beyond biology and medicine. Ecancermedicalscience. 2019;13.","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2019.911"},{"issue":"1","key":"12435_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1177\/1478210314566734","volume":"13","author":"A Muthanna","year":"2015","unstructured":"Muthanna A. Quality education improvement: Yemen and the problem of the \u2018brain drain\u2019. Policy Futures Educ. 2015;13(1):141\u20138.","journal-title":"Policy Futures Educ"},{"key":"12435_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meherali S, Rehmani M, Ali S, Lassi ZS. Interventions and Strategies to Improve Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes among Adolescents Living in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vol. 1, Adolescents. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI); 2021. pp. 363\u201390.","DOI":"10.3390\/adolescents1030028"},{"key":"12435_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Desrosiers A, Betancourt T, Kergoat Y, Servilli C, Say L, Kobeissi L. A systematic review of sexual and reproductive health interventions for young people in humanitarian and lower-and-middle-income country settings. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08818-y"},{"key":"12435_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahrukh K, Hashmi F, Geara A, Mansour. Mahmoud Aljurf. Cancer Management at sites with Limited resources: challenges and potential solution. 2022. 173\u201385 p.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-82052-7_18"},{"key":"12435_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gildner TE, Cepon-Robins TJ, Liebert MA, Urlacher SS, Schrock JM, Harrington CJ et al. Market integration and soil-transmitted helminth infection among the Shuar of amazonian Ecuador. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(7 July).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236924"},{"issue":"4","key":"12435_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22404","volume":"25","author":"K Houck","year":"2013","unstructured":"Houck K, Sorensen MV, Lu F, Alban D, Alvarez K, Hidobro D, et al. The effects of market integration on childhood growth and nutritional status: the dual burden of under- and over-nutrition in the northern Ecuadorian amazon. Am J Hum Biology. 2013;25(4):524\u201333.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"12435_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3109\/03014460.2012.759621","volume":"40","author":"MA Liebert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liebert MA, Snodgrass JJ, Madimenos FC, Cepon TJ, Blackwell AD, Sugiyama LS. Implications of market integration for cardiovascular and metabolic health among an indigenous amazonian Ecuadorian population. Ann Hum Biol. 2013;40(3):228\u201342.","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"key":"12435_CR31","first-page":"1","volume":"8688","author":"M Toye","year":"2017","unstructured":"Toye M, Okunade K, Roberts A, Salako O. Knowledge, perceptions and practice of cervical cancer prevention among female public secondary school teachers in Mushin local government area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J. 2017;8688:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"12435_CR32","unstructured":"Hando K, Luangxay T, Vilayvong S, Vongdala C, Vongsonephet K, Xayaphet P et al. Knowledge and attitude toward cervical cancer and its prevention among female workers in the Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR Kiyomi. J Med Dent Sci. 2018; 65: 9-18. 2018."},{"key":"12435_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maharajan MK, Rajiah K, Sze Fang KN, Lui LY. Cervical cancer prevention in Malaysia: knowledge and attitude of undergraduate pharmacy students towards human papillomavirus \u0131nfection, screening and vaccination in Malaysia. Journal of Cancer Education [Internet]. 2015;32(1):166\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13187-015-0957-2.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187-015-0957-2"},{"key":"12435_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donati S, Giambi C, Declich S, Salmaso S, Filia A, Atti ML et al. Knowledge, attitude and practice in primary and secondary cervical cancer prevention among young adult Italian women. www.elsevier.com\/locate\/Vaccine 30 (2012) 2075\u2013 2082, Elsevier vaccine201201057. 2012;30(12):2075\u201382.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.01.057"},{"key":"12435_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"IDESTR\u00d6M M, Milsom I, Anderson A. Knowledge and attitudes about the pap-smear screening program: a population-based study of women aged 20\u201359years. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica ISSN 0001-6349,2002: 81: 962\u20137. 2002;962\u20137.","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1600-0412.2002.811011.x"},{"key":"12435_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sirovich BE, Welch HG. The frequency of Pap smear screening in the United States. Journal of General Internal Medicine,2004;19:243\u2013250. 2004;19(3):243\u201350.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2004.21107.x"},{"key":"12435_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramathuba DU, Ngambi D, Khoza LB, Ramakuela NJ, Science N. Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding cervical cancer prevention at Thulamela Municipality of Vhembe District in Limpopo Province. Afr J Prim Health Care Family Med ISSN: 2071\u2013936. 2016;1\u20137.","DOI":"10.4102\/phcfm.v8i2.1002"}],"container-title":["BMC Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12885-024-12435-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12885-024-12435-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12885-024-12435-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T12:07:55Z","timestamp":1717675675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccancer.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12885-024-12435-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["12435"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-024-12435-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2407"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2407","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 June 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethics approval was obtained from Ethics Committee of Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine with the ethics committee approval dated 19.4.2019 and numbered 81007. We confirmed that research was carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The study was carried out in accordance with the principles of the World Medical Declaration of Helsinki at each stage.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent from all of the participants was obtained.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"695"}}