{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T15:19:16Z","timestamp":1773933556309,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021A1515110241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515110241"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022M723602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M723602"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cancer"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-025-14535-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T13:18:30Z","timestamp":1753449510000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identification of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor patients with high liver tumor burden based on clinicopathological features"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Nuerailaguli","family":"Jumai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luohai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Man","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanji","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min-hu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangsong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhirong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"14535_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.0589","volume":"3","author":"A Dasari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dasari A, Shen C, Halperin D, et al. Trends in the incidence, prevalence, and survival outcomes in patients with neuroendocrine tumors in the United States. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(10):1335\u201342.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"14535_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2010.12.005","volume":"40","author":"B Lawrence","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lawrence B, Gustafsson BI, Chan A, et al. The epidemiology of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors[J]. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2011;40(1):1\u201318, vii.","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"14535_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1677\/ERC-08-0017","volume":"15","author":"UF Pape","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pape UF, Berndt U, M\u00fcller-Nordhorn J, et al. Prognostic factors of long-term outcome in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2008;15(4):1083\u201397.","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"14535_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq022","volume":"21","author":"R Garcia-Carbonero","year":"2010","unstructured":"Garcia-Carbonero R, Capdevila J, Crespo-Herrero G, et al. Incidence, patterns of care and prognostic factors for outcome of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs): results from the National Cancer registry of Spain (RGETNE). Ann Oncol. 2010;21(9):1794\u2013803.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"14535_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30400","volume":"139","author":"M Riihim\u00e4ki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Riihim\u00e4ki M, Hemminki A, Sundquist K, et al. The epidemiology of metastases in neuroendocrine tumors. Int J Cancer. 2016;139(12):2679\u201386.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"14535_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1159\/000335597","volume":"95","author":"M Pavel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pavel M, Baudin E, Couvelard A, et al. ENETS consensus guidelines for the management of patients with liver and other distant metastases from neuroendocrine neoplasms of foregut, midgut, hindgut, and unknown primary. Neuroendocrinology. 2012;95(2):157\u201376.","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"14535_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2019.09.015","volume":"19","author":"F Panzuto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Panzuto F, Pusceddu S, Faggiano A, et al. Prognostic impact of tumour burden in stage IV neuroendocrine neoplasia: a comparison between pancreatic and gastrointestinal localizations. Pancreatology. 2019;19(8):1067\u201373.","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"14535_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-022-05971-x","volume":"50","author":"L Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen L, Jumai N, He Q, et al. The role of quantitative tumor burden based on [(68) Ga]Ga-DOTA-NOC PET\/CT in well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors: beyond prognosis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2023;50(2):525\u201334.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"28","key":"14535_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4656","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.22.8510","volume":"27","author":"A Rinke","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rinke A, M\u00fcller HH, Schade-Brittinger C, et al. Placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective, randomized study on the effect of octreotide LAR in the control of tumor growth in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine midgut tumors: a report from the PROMID study group. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(28):4656\u201363.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"16","key":"14535_CR10","first-page":"1556","volume":"371","author":"ME Caplin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Caplin ME, Pavel M, Ruszniewski P. Lanreotide in metastatic enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors[J]. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(16):1556\u20137.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"14535_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800810725","volume":"81","author":"EW Mcdermott","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mcdermott EW, Guduric B, Brennan MF. Prognostic variables in patients with gastrointestinal carcinoid tumours. Br J Surg. 1994;81(7):1007\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"14535_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3129","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-010-1154-5","volume":"17","author":"SC Mayo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mayo SC, De Jong MC, Pulitano C, et al. Surgical management of hepatic neuroendocrine tumor metastasis: results from an international multi-institutional analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010;17(12):3129\u201336.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"14535_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1097\/JP9.0000000000000068","volume":"4","author":"T Vaghaiwalla","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vaghaiwalla T, Memeh K, Liao C-Y, et al. Metastatic well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors to the liver: a narrative review of systemic and surgical management. J Pancreatol. 2021;4(2):82\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pancreatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"14535_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2013.02.030","volume":"24","author":"S Hur","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hur S, Chung JW, Kim HC, et al. Survival outcomes and prognostic factors of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatic neuroendocrine metastases[J]. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2013;24(7):947\u201356; quiz 957.","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"14535_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1159\/000443612","volume":"104","author":"A Rinke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rinke A, Wittenberg M, Schade-Brittinger C, et al. Placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective, randomized study on the effect of octreotide LAR in the control of tumor growth in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine midgut tumors (PROMID): results of long-term survival. Neuroendocrinology. 2017;104(1):26\u201332.","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"14535_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2019.04.014","volume":"99","author":"AT Scott","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scott AT, Howe JR. Evaluation and management of neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. Surg Clin North Am. 2019;99(4):793\u2013814.","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"14535_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.120.256727","author":"C Ortega","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ortega C, Wong RK, Schaefferkoetter J, et al. Quantitative (68)Ga-DOTATATE PET\/CT parameters for the prediction of therapy response in patients with progressive metastatic neuroendocrine tumors treated with (177)Lu-DOTATATE. J Nucl Med. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.120.256727.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"14535_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-019-04455-9","volume":"46","author":"A Toriihara","year":"2019","unstructured":"Toriihara A, Baratto L, Nobashi T, et al. Prognostic value of somatostatin receptor expressing tumor volume calculated from (68)Ga-DOTATATE PET\/CT in patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019;46(11):2244\u201351.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"11","key":"14535_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.120.258392","volume":"62","author":"EA Carlsen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carlsen EA, Johnbeck CB, Loft M, et al. Semiautomatic tumor delineation for evaluation of (64)Cu-DOTATATE PET\/CT in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms: prognostication based on lowest lesion uptake and total tumor volume. J Nucl Med. 2021;62(11):1564\u201370.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"14535_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2001.117377","volume":"130","author":"KA Yao","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yao KA, Talamonti MS, Nemcek A, et al. Indications and results of liver resection and hepatic chemoembolization for metastatic gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors[J]. Surgery. 2001;130(4):677\u201382; discussion 682-5.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"14535_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2011.06.011","volume":"43","author":"D Dhall","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dhall D, Mertens R, Bresee C, et al. Ki-67 proliferative index predicts progression-free survival of patients with well-differentiated ileal neuroendocrine tumors. Hum Pathol. 2012;43(4):489\u201395.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"14535_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1159\/000334038","volume":"96","author":"F Panzuto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Panzuto F, Campana D, Fazio N, et al. Risk factors for disease progression in advanced jejunoileal neuroendocrine tumors. Neuroendocrinology. 2012;96(1):32\u201340.","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"14535_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2012.02.011","volume":"152","author":"NA Hamilton","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hamilton NA, Liu TC, Cavatiao A, et al. Ki-67 predicts disease recurrence and poor prognosis in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Surgery. 2012;152(1):107\u201313.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"14535_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPQ55SKOCYFZHN","volume":"143","author":"C Shi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shi C, Gonzalez RS, Zhao Z, et al. Liver metastases of small intestine neuroendocrine tumors: Ki-67 heterogeneity and world health organization grade discordance with primary tumors. Am J Clin Pathol. 2015;143(3):398\u2013404.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"14535_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-017-5823-5","volume":"24","author":"Y Yamamoto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yamamoto Y, Okamura Y, Uemura S, et al. Vascularity and tumor size are significant predictors for recurrence after resection of a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017;24(8):2363\u201370.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"14535_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.16","volume":"106","author":"V Seebacher","year":"2012","unstructured":"Seebacher V, Polterauer S, Grimm C, et al. Prognostic significance of gamma-glutamyltransferase in patients with endometrial cancer: a multi-centre trial. Br J Cancer. 2012;106(9):1551\u20135.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"14535_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20181058","author":"Y Ou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ou Y, Huang J, Yang L. The prognostic significance of pretreatment serum \u03b3-glutamyltranspeptidase in primary liver cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Biosci Rep. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/BSR20181058.","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"key":"14535_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-023-03545-x","author":"BC Schmidt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schmidt BC, Leiderer MT, Amin T, et al. Does gamma-glutamyltransferase correlate with liver tumor burden in neuroendocrine tumors? Endocrine. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-023-03545-x.","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"1","key":"14535_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-6011-8","volume":"19","author":"LX Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang LX, Lv Y, Xu AM, et al. The prognostic significance of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels and AST\/ALT in primary hepatic carcinoma. BMC Cancer. 2019;19(1): 841.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"14535_CR30","first-page":"597","volume":"6","author":"JA Bonner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bonner JA, Sloan JA, Rowland KM Jr., et al. Significance of neuron-specific enolase levels before and during therapy for small cell lung cancer[J]. Clin Cancer Res. 2000;6(2):597\u2013601.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"14535_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3123","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2015.3673","volume":"10","author":"P Shi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shi P, Meng X, Ni M, et al. Association between serum tumor markers and metabolic tumor volume or total lesion glycolysis in patients with recurrent small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett. 2015;10(5):3123\u20138.","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"14535_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.5603\/EP.a2022.0049","volume":"73","author":"B Kos-Kud\u0142a","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kos-Kud\u0142a B, Foltyn W, Malczewska A, et al. Update of the diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (recommended by the Polish network of neuroendocrine Tumours) [Aktualizacja zalece\u0144 og\u00f3lnych dotycz\u0105cych post\u0119powania diagnostyczno-terapeutycznego w nowotworach neuroendokrynnych uk\u0142adu pokarmowego (rekomendowane przez Polsk\u0105 Sie\u0107 Guz\u00f3w Neuroendokrynnych)]. Endokrynol Pol. 2022;73(3):387\u2013454.","journal-title":"Endokrynol Pol"},{"issue":"8","key":"14535_CR33","first-page":"2622","volume":"82","author":"FR Nobels","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nobels FR, Kwekkeboom DJ, Coopmans W, et al. Chromogranin A as serum marker for neuroendocrine neoplasia: comparison with neuron-specific enolase and the alpha-subunit of glycoprotein hormones. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82(8):2622\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"14535_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-17-0276","volume":"7","author":"Y Lv","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lv Y, Han X, Zhang C, et al. Combined test of serum CgA and NSE improved the power of prognosis prediction of NF-pNETs. Endocr Connect. 2018;7(1):169\u201378.","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"issue":"3","key":"14535_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.3233\/CBM-160580","volume":"16","author":"X Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang X, Guo M, Fan J, et al. Prognostic significance of serum LDH in small cell lung cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Cancer Biomark. 2016;16(3):415\u201323.","journal-title":"Cancer Biomark"},{"issue":"1","key":"14535_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-3012-8","volume":"17","author":"Y Xiao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xiao Y, Chen W, Xie Z, et al. Prognostic relevance of lactate dehydrogenase in advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. BMC Cancer. 2017;17(1): 25.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"14535_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.3109\/0284186X.2015.1043026","volume":"54","author":"F Petrelli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Petrelli F, Cabiddu M, Coinu A, et al. Prognostic role of lactate dehydrogenase in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 76 studies. Acta Oncol. 2015;54(7):961\u201370.","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"14535_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2010.07.013","volume":"104","author":"A Hermes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hermes A, Gatzemeier U, Waschki B, et al. Lactate dehydrogenase as prognostic factor in limited and extensive disease stage small cell lung cancer - a retrospective single institution analysis. Respir Med. 2010;104(12):1937\u201342.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"14535_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2017-0564","volume":"23","author":"PM Cotogno","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cotogno PM, Ranasinghe LK, Ledet EM, et al. Laboratory-based biomarkers and liver metastases in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Oncologist. 2018;23(7):791\u20137.","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"10","key":"14535_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2009.04.016","volume":"45","author":"SS Agarwala","year":"2009","unstructured":"Agarwala SS, Keilholz U, Gilles E, et al. LDH correlation with survival in advanced melanoma from two large, randomised trials (Oblimersen GM301 and EORTC 18951). Eur J Cancer. 2009;45(10):1807\u201314.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"}],"container-title":["BMC Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12885-025-14535-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12885-025-14535-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12885-025-14535-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T23:50:59Z","timestamp":1757289059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccancer.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12885-025-14535-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["14535"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-025-14535-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2407"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2407","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the ethics committee of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University (Approval number: [2023]367) and complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. The institutional review board and the ethics committee of he First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University approved this retrospective, anonymous analysis of data, and the requirement for written informed consent was waived.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1217"}}