{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T14:18:08Z","timestamp":1784297888621,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]],"date-time":"2020-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581638400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]],"date-time":"2020-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008750","name":"Shanghai Hospital Development Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SHDC12016116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC12016116"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008750","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81600739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81600739"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81570855"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81570855"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the optical coherence tomography (OCT) features of retinal lesions in Chinese patients with endogenous Candida endophthalmitis (ECE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with ECE at one medical center. The medical records of the patients including predisposing risk factors, treatment and visual acuity were reviewed. And we focused on the analysis of OCT images of retinal lesions before and after treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 16 Chinese patients (22 eyes) were included in this study. The most frequent predisposing risk factors were intravenous use of corticosteroids or antibiotics, lithotripsy for urinary calculi, and diabetes. After treatment, visual acuity was improved in 13 (59.1%) of the 22 eyes, and remained the same in the other 9 (40.9%) eyes. Pre-treatment OCT images obtained at presentation were available for 17 of the 22 eyes. Four types of the OCT manifestations of retinal lesions were identified: type 1 (subretinal macular lesions), type 2 (lesions are located in the inner retinal layer), type 3 (lesions involve the full-thickness retina and accompanied with macular edema), type 4 (sub-inner limiting membrane lesions). Pre-treatment OCT imaging of the 17 eyes revealed five as type 1, four as type 2, six as type 3, and two as type 4. After treatment, OCT images revealed epiretinal membrane and subretinal fibrosis as the most common post-treatment complications of ECE. Epiretinal membrane was detected in 2\/4 type 2 lesions, in 4\/6 type 3 lesions, and in 1\/2 type 4 lesions, while subretinal fibrosis was mainly seen in type 1 lesions (4\/5). Among the types, visual prognosis was best in eyes with type 2 lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this case series, the OCT manifestations of retinal lesions in ECE could be classified into four types. The post-treatment OCT manifestations were different in four types of lesions. We preliminarily found that the OCT morphology of retinal lesions was associated with the visual prognosis of ECE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-01337-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]],"date-time":"2020-02-14T11:03:13Z","timestamp":1581678193000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Optical coherence tomography features of retinal lesions in Chinese patients with endogenous Candida endophthalmitis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengjuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingqin","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8441-9690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gezhi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1337_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(13)31255-X","volume":"101","author":"AA Okada","year":"1994","unstructured":"Okada AA, Johnson RP, Liles WC, D'Amico DJ, Baker AS. Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis. Report of a ten-year retrospective study. Ophthalmology. 1994;101(5):832\u20138.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1337_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.1.115","volume":"162","author":"SK Shrader","year":"1990","unstructured":"Shrader SK, Band JD, Lauter CB, Murphy P. The clinical spectrum of endophthalmitis: incidence, predisposing factors, and features influencing outcome. J Infect Dis. 1990;162(1):115\u201320.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"1337_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.197","volume":"23","author":"R Ramakrishnan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ramakrishnan R, Bharathi MJ, Shivkumar C, Mittal S, Meenakshi R, Khadeer MA, et al. Microbiological profile of culture-proven cases of exogenous and endogenous endophthalmitis: a 10-year retrospective study. Eye (Lond). 2009;23(4):945\u201356.","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"8","key":"1337_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00216-5","volume":"107","author":"JS Wong","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wong JS, Chan TK, Lee HM, Chee SP. Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis: an east Asian experience and a reappraisal of a severe ocular affliction. Ophthalmology. 2000;107(8):1483\u201391.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1337_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182a2e705","volume":"34","author":"HW Lim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lim HW, Shin JW, Cho HY, Kim HK, Kang SW, Song SJ, et al. Endogenous endophthalmitis in the Korean population: a six-year retrospective study. Retina. 2014;34(3):592\u2013602.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"1337_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3483497","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3483497","volume":"2017","author":"F Duan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Duan F, Yang Y, Yuan Z, Zheng Y, Cheng Z, Lin X. Clinical features and visual acuity outcomes in culture-positive endogenous fungal endophthalmitis in southern China. J Ophthalmol. 2017;2017:3483497.","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1337_CR7","first-page":"725","volume":"137","author":"V Schiedler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schiedler V, Scott IU, Flynn HW Jr, Davis JL, Benz MS, Miller D. Culture-proven endogenous endophthalmitis: clinical features and visual acuity outcomes. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;137(4):725\u201331.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1337_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200509000-00010","volume":"25","author":"YQ Zhang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhang YQ, Wang WJ. Treatment outcomes after pars plana vitrectomy for endogenous endophthalmitis. Retina. 2005;25(6):746\u201350.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"3","key":"1337_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200106000-00001","volume":"21","author":"M Tanaka","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tanaka M, Kobayashi Y, Takebayashi H, Kiyokawa M, Qiu H. Analysis of predisposing clinical and laboratory findings for the development of endogenous fungal endophthalmitis. A retrospective 12-year study of 79 eyes of 46 patients. Retina. 2001;21(3):203\u20139.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"3","key":"1337_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1080\/09273940802689396","volume":"17","author":"X Shen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shen X, Xu G. Vitrectomy for endogenous fungal endophthalmitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2009;17(3):148\u201352.","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"issue":"1","key":"1337_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12348-015-0063-y","volume":"5","author":"MA Sadiq","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sadiq MA, Hassan M, Agarwal A, Sarwar S, Toufeeq S, Soliman MK, et al. Endogenous endophthalmitis: diagnosis, management, and prognosis. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2015;5(1):32.","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"1337_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.06.020","volume":"153","author":"A Lingappan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lingappan A, Wykoff CC, Albini TA, Miller D, Pathengay A, Davis JL, et al. Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis: causative organisms, management strategies, and visual acuity outcomes. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012;153(1):162\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1337_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-005-0182-5","volume":"244","author":"H Takebayashi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Takebayashi H, Mizota A, Tanaka M. Relation between stage of endogenous fungal endophthalmitis and prognosis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2006;244(7):816\u201320.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1337_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0216956","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216956","volume":"14","author":"T Ueda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ueda T, Takesue Y, Tokimatsu I, Miyazaki T, Nakada-Motokawa N, Nagao M, et al. The incidence of endophthalmitis or macular involvement and the necessity of a routine ophthalmic examination in patients with candidemia. PLoS One. 2019;14(5):e0216956.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"1337_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4201","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22003","volume":"58","author":"K Ranjith","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ranjith K, Sontam B, Sharma S, Joseph J, Chathoth KN, Sama KC, et al. Candida species from eye infections: drug susceptibility, virulence factors, and molecular characterization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;58(10):4201\u20139.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"1337_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689208501204","volume":"85","author":"AH Chignell","year":"1992","unstructured":"Chignell AH. Endogenous candida endophthalmitis. J R Soc Med. 1992;85(12):721\u20134.","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1337_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2008.01297.x","volume":"87","author":"M Imago","year":"2009","unstructured":"Imago M, Imai H, Nakanishi Y, Azumi A. Optical coherence tomography for monitoring the process of Candida endophthalmitis. Acta Ophthalmol. 2009;87(6):680\u20132.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1337_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/ICB.0b013e3181cc2146","volume":"5","author":"M Cho","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cho M, Khanifar AA, Chan RV. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of endogenous fungal endophthalmitis. Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2011;5(2):136\u201340.","journal-title":"Retin Cases Brief Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"1337_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e151931","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.1931","volume":"133","author":"MK Adam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Adam MK, Rahimy E. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of endogenous fungal chorioretinitis. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015;133(11):e151931.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1337_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001630","volume":"38","author":"A Invernizzi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Invernizzi A, Symes R, Miserocchi E, Cozzi M, Cereda M, Fogliato G, et al. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings in endogenous Candida endophthalmitis and their clinical relevance. Retina. 2018;38(5):1011\u20138.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"1","key":"1337_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-008-0926-0","volume":"247","author":"C Lange","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lange C, Feltgen N, Junker B, Schulze-Bonsel K, Bach M. Resolving the clinical acuity categories \u201chand motion\u201d and \u201ccounting fingers\u201d using the Freiburg Visual Acuity Test (FrACT). Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2009;247(1):137\u201342.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1337_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12678","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49117-w","volume":"9","author":"X Lu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lu X, Xia H, Jin C, Chen W, Siu-Chun Ng D, Yan H, et al. Prognostic factors associated with visual outcome of salvageable eyes with posttraumatic endophthalmitis. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):12678.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"1337_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(98)00052-X","volume":"125","author":"SJ Chen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chen SJ, Chung YM, Liu JH. Endogenous Candida endophthalmitis after induced abortion. Am J Ophthalmol. 1998;125(6):873\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1337_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2015.1115080","volume":"25","author":"A William","year":"2017","unstructured":"William A, Spitzer MS, Deuter C, Blumenstock G, Partsch M, Voykov B, et al. Outcomes of primary transconjunctival 23-gauge vitrectomy in the diagnosis and treatment of presumed endogenous fungal endophthalmitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2017;25(2):239\u201345.","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"issue":"6","key":"1337_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31822d3a34","volume":"32","author":"A Sallam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sallam A, Taylor SR, Khan A, McCluskey P, Lynn WA, Manku K, et al. Factors determining visual outcome in endogenous Candida endophthalmitis. Retina. 2012;32(6):1129\u201334.","journal-title":"Retina"}],"container-title":["BMC Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12886-020-01337-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12886-020-01337-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12886-020-01337-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]],"date-time":"2022-10-15T15:35:29Z","timestamp":1665848129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12886-020-01337-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1337"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-020-01337-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2415"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2415","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 October 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 February 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The present study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consents were obtained from the patients for publication of any information contained within the manuscript. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor of this journal.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"52"}}