{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:37:21Z","timestamp":1788827841873,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596499200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To report refractive outcomes, describe types of strabismus and evaluate the outcomes of surgical intervention for unilateral coronal synostosis (UCS) in paediatric patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study retrospectively included 30 UCS cases. Patients aged from 3\u2009months to 6\u2009years (median: 1.8\u2009years) were enrolled from January 2018 to December 2019 at Shanghai Children\u2019s Hospital. Sixteen patients had all types of strabismus; 15 of these patients underwent surgery.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Refractive errors of 30 cases were included. In 60% of patients, astigmatism of 1.00D or more existed in not less than one eye at last record. Twenty (66.7%) patients had the larger amount of astigmatism in the contralateral eye. Fifteen patients received strabismus surgery, of whom 6 patients with monocular elevation deficiency (MED) underwent the standard Knapp procedure, with or without a horizontal deviation procedure. Fifteen cases were horizontally aligned within 5 prism dioptres (\u0394). Six patients with MED (100%) had attained \u226525% elevation improvement after surgery, and the vertical deviation decreased from 25.83 \u0394\u2009\u00b1\u20094.92 \u0394 (range, 20 \u0394-30 \u0394) to 0.83 \u0394\u2009\u00b1\u20094.92 \u0394 after surgery (range, 0 \u0394-10 \u0394), for an improvement of 26.67 \u0394\u2009\u00b1\u20094.08 \u0394 (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916 <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In 1 patient with esotropia, the horizontal deviation decreased from +\u200980 \u0394 to +\u20095 \u0394 after surgery. One patient was diagnosed with trichiasis and one with contralateral lacrimal duct obstruction.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Contralateral MED was also the main type of strabismus in UCS. Superior oblique muscle palsy was still the most common, as previously reported. There is a risk of developing a higher astigmatism and anisometropia in the contralateral eye to synostosis. Other ophthalmic disorders should be treated in a timely manner.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Shanghai Children\u2019s Hospital (approval No. 2020R023-E01) and adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethics approval was procured on March 30, 2020. This was a retrospective study. Written informed consent was sought from the patients\u2019 parents or legal guardians. Clinical Trials Registry number: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn\/showproj.aspx?proj=56726\">ChiCTR2000034910<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Registration URL: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn\/showproj.aspx?proj=56726\">http:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn\/showproj.aspx?proj=56726<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-01547-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T21:02:52Z","timestamp":1596574972000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Ophthalmological outcomes of unilateral coronal synostosis in young children"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Wen-Ting","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Dan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing-Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3244-4541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tong","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1547_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199005000-00003","volume":"85","author":"SP Bartlett","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bartlett SP, Whitaker LA, Marchac D. 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All procedures performed in the study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Written consent for data processing was obtained from each patient\u2019s parents. Our study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Shanghai Children\u2019s Hospital. For further questions, please contact the ethics committee at the following address: Shanghai Children\u2019s Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China, E-Mail:","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"We can provide the video of the operation. The parents of the study participants gave written consent for their personal or clinical details along with any identifying images to be published in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"318"}}