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Preoperatively, the mean cylinder was \u2212\u20092.41\u2009\u00b1\u20090.54 D (range, \u2212\u20092.00 D to \u2212\u20094.50 D). The preoperative and postoperative visual outcomes, refraction, and higher-order aberration (HOA) at 1 and 3\u2009months were compared. Refractive astigmatism changes were analyzed by the Alpins vector method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Three months after SMILE surgery, the average cylinder was \u2212\u20090.14\u2009\u00b1\u20090.31 D, and the average astigmatism vector was \u2212\u20090.09 D\u2009\u00d7\u20096.34\u00b0. The angle of error (AofE) was limited to within \u00b110\u00b0, and the magnitude of error was limited to within \u00b11.0 D in all patients. The correction index (CI) was 0.98\u2009\u00b1\u20090.07, the index of success (IOS) was 0.08\u2009\u00b1\u20090.13, and the flattening index (FI) was 0.97\u2009\u00b1\u20090.07. Significant positive correlations were found between IOS and |AofE| (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.000); negative correlations were found between FI and |AofE| (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.000). The postoperative total HOA, spherical aberration, vertical coma aberration, and trefoil 30\u00b0 were increased significantly compared with preoperative measurements, and the increase in HOA was closely related to preoperative astigmatism (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SMILE has preferable outcomes for correcting high myopic astigmatism. Axis rotation during the surgery might influence the undercorrection of astigmatism. The increase of HOA after surgery is related to preoperative astigmatism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-021-01807-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T14:03:01Z","timestamp":1611064981000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Early visual quality outcomes after small-incision lenticule extraction surgery for correcting high myopic astigmatism"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Xiangtao","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaixuan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengfa","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhui","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7913-118X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1807_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-014-0003-1","volume":"1","author":"DZ Reinstein","year":"2014","unstructured":"Reinstein DZ, Archer TJ, Gobbe M. 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