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Ocular surface epithelial damage was measured by ocular staining score (OSS). Systemic parameters, laboratory findings including serologic markers, oral parameters, and other ocular surface parameters were collected. Other ocular surface parameter assessments such as the Schirmer\u2019s test, fluorescein tear breakup time, meibomian gland examinations, noninvasive keratographic tear film break-up time measurements using the Keratograph\u00ae 5\u00a0M were performed, and the Ocular Surface Disease Index was determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a multivariate analysis, decreased age and increased duration of pSS were significantly related to increased logarithm-transformed OSS (\u03b2 = -0.011,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.043 and \u03b2\u2009=\u20090.003,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008). Among the ocular surface parameters, decreased fluorescein tear breakup time and increased MGD grade were significantly associated with increased logarithm-transformed OSS (\u03b2 = -0.183,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 and \u03b2\u2009=\u20090.192,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.049).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ocular surface epithelial damage in patients with pSS was associated with young age, long duration of disease, unstable tear film, and decreased meibomian gland function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-021-01871-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T14:02:54Z","timestamp":1614693774000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Factors associated with ocular surface epithelial damage in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ji Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na Rae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee Seung","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoung Yul","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-im","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Won","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"1871_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23475","volume":"59","author":"J Shimazaki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shimazaki J. 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