{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T07:10:25Z","timestamp":1794294625648,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Fund project of Aier Eye Hospital Group","award":["AF2002D7, 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AF2002D7, 2020"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Fund project of Aier Eye Hospital Group","award":["AM1902D1, 2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AM1902D1, 2019"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Fund project of Aier Eye Hospital Group","award":["AF1902D4, 2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AF1902D4, 2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ocular biometric parameters in adult cataract patients from China and create an anterior chamber depth (ACD) regression model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ocular biometric records of 28,709 right eyes of cataract surgery candidates who were treated at Aier Eye Hospitals in nine cities from 2018 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. All measurements were taken with IOLMaster 700. We included patients who were at least 40 years old and were diagnosed with cataract.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age of the patients was 68.6\u2009\u00b1\u200911.0 years. The mean values recorded were as follows: axial length (AL), 24.17\u2009\u00b1\u20092.47 mm; mean keratometry (Km) value, 44.26\u2009\u00b1\u20091.70 D; corneal astigmatism (CA), 1.06\u2009\u00b1\u20090.96 D; ACD, 3.02\u2009\u00b1\u20090.45 mm; lens thickness (LT), 4.52\u2009\u00b1\u20090.45 mm; central corneal thickness (CCT), 0.534\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04 mm; and white to white (WTW) corneal diameter, 11.64\u2009\u00b1\u20090.46 mm. ACD correlated positively with AL (Spearman coefficient, 0.544) and WTW (0.300), but negatively with LT (-0.660) and age (-0.285) (all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). In the multivariate regression analysis of ACD, which included LT, AL, WTW, sex, Km, CCT, and age, there was a reasonable prediction with adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.641.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cataract patients with longer AL and wider WTW have deeper ACD. With increasing age and lens thickening ACD becomes shallower. Based on the standardized coefficients of ACD multivariate regression analysis from the study, LT is the main factor that affects ACD, and is followed by AL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-021-01932-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T08:28:28Z","timestamp":1618302508000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Distribution of ocular biometric parameters and optimal model of anterior chamber depth regression in 28,709 adult cataract patients in China using swept\u2010source optical biometry"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Qiong","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haixia","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Ortega-Usobiaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danmin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1932_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2007.00879.x","volume":"85","author":"T Olsen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Olsen T. Calculation of intraocular lens power: a review. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2007;85(5):472\u201385.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"1932_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2005.12.139","volume":"32","author":"T Olsen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Olsen T. Prediction of the effective postoperative (intraocular lens) anterior chamber depth. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006;32(3):419\u201324.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"1932_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3740","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19600","volume":"57","author":"AK Schuster","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schuster AK, Pfeiffer N, Nickels S, Schulz A, Hohn R, Wild PS, Binder H, Munzel T, Beutel ME, Vossmerbaeumer U. Distribution of Anterior Chamber Angle Width and Correlation With Age, Refraction, and Anterior Chamber Depth-The Gutenberg Health Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57(8):3740\u20136.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"1932_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.03.009","volume":"118","author":"KJ Hoffer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hoffer KJ. Definition of ACD. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(7):1484.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1932_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.4.458","volume":"86","author":"J Santodomingo-Rubido","year":"2002","unstructured":"Santodomingo-Rubido J, Mallen EA, Gilmartin B, Wolffsohn JS. A new non-contact optical device for ocular biometry. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002;86(4):458\u201362.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1932_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2015.03.019","volume":"41","author":"S Srivannaboon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Srivannaboon S, Chirapapaisan C, Chonpimai P, Loket S. Clinical comparison of a new swept-source optical coherence tomography-based optical biometer and a time-domain optical coherence tomography-based optical biometer. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015;41(10):2224\u201332.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"1932_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurian M, Negalur N, Das S, Puttaiah NK, Haria D, Thakkar JTS. MM: Biometry with a new swept-source optical coherence tomography biometer: Repeatability and agreement with an optical low-coherence reflectometry device. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2016;42(4):577\u201381.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2016.01.038"},{"issue":"7","key":"1932_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1993.01090070032014","volume":"111","author":"KJ Hoffer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hoffer KJ. Axial dimension of the human cataractous lens. Arch Ophthalmol. 1993;111(7):914\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1932_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.10.015","volume":"34","author":"R Jivrajka","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jivrajka R, Shammas MC, Boenzi T, Swearingen M, Shammas HJ. Variability of axial length, anterior chamber depth, and lens thickness in the cataractous eye. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008;34(2):289\u201394.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"1932_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.01.039","volume":"40","author":"Y Cui","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cui Y, Meng Q, Guo H, Zeng J, Zhang H, Zhang G, Huang Y, Lan J. Biometry and corneal astigmatism in cataract surgery candidates from Southern China. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40(10):1661\u20139.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"1932_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0184837","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184837","volume":"12","author":"TB Ferreira","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ferreira TB, Hoffer KJ, Ribeiro F, Ribeiro P, O\u2019Neill JG. Ocular biometric measurements in cataract surgery candidates in Portugal. PLoS One. 2017;12(10):e0184837.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"1932_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)74917-7","volume":"90","author":"KJ Hoffer","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hoffer KJ. Biometry of 7,500 cataractous eyes. Am J Ophthalmol. 1980;90(3):360\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1932_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2017.01.010","volume":"43","author":"X Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen X, Yu Y, Song X, Zhu Y, Wang W, Yao K. Clinical outcomes of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery versus conventional phacoemulsification surgery for hard nuclear cataracts. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2017;43(4):486\u201391.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1932_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-019-1079-0","volume":"19","author":"X Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang X, Yu Y, Zhang G, Zhou Y, Zhao G, Chen M, Wang Y, Zhu S, Zhang H, Yao K. Performance of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in Chinese patients with cataract: a prospective, multicenter, registry study. BMC Ophthalmol. 2019;19(1):77.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1932_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.5301\/EJO.2011.8357","volume":"22","author":"Q Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang Q, Zhao G, Wang Q, Jia W. Visual quality after AcrySof IQ ReSTOR intraocular lens implantation in eyes with high myopia. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2012;22(2):168\u201374.","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1932_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu Z, Cao D, Chen X, Wu S, Wang X, Wu Q: Comparison of clinical performance between trifocal and bifocal intraocular lenses: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017, 12(10):e0186522.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186522"},{"issue":"9","key":"1932_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2015.10.036","volume":"41","author":"HJ Shammas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shammas HJ, Shammas MC. Measuring the cataractous lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015;41(9):1875\u20139.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"1932_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00243-4","volume":"110","author":"S-Y Tsai","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tsai S-Y, Hsu W-M, Cheng C-Y, Liu J-H, Chou P. Epidemiologic study of age-related cataracts among an elderly chinese population in Shih-Pai, Taiwan. Ophthalmology. 2003;110(6):1089\u201395.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1932_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.01.026","volume":"113","author":"L Xu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Xu L, Cui T, Zhang S, Sun B, Zheng Y, Hu A, Li J, Ma K, Jonas JB. Prevalence and risk factors of lens opacities in urban and rural Chinese in Beijing. Ophthalmology. 2006;113(5):747\u201355.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"11","key":"1932_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.11.1687","volume":"119","author":"EE Freeman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Freeman EE, Munoz B, Schein OD, West SK. Hormone replacement therapy and lens opacities: the Salisbury Eye Evaluation project. Archives of ophthalmology. 2001;119(11):1687\u201392.","journal-title":"Archives of ophthalmology"},{"issue":"12","key":"1932_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4450","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0435","volume":"46","author":"C Shufelt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shufelt C, Fraser-Bell S, Ying-Lai M, Torres M, Varma R. Los Angeles Latino Eye Study G: Refractive error, ocular biometry, and lens opalescence in an adult population: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46(12):4450\u201360.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"1932_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.02.025","volume":"36","author":"H PC","year":"2010","unstructured":"PC H, WW H. Analysis of biometry and prevalence data for corneal astigmatism in 23,239 eyes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010;36(9):1479\u201385.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"1932_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JJ RF, IG WGB, TY MKR. W, P M: Distribution of axial length and ocular biometry measured using partial coherence laser interferometry (IOL Master) in an older white population. Ophthalmology. 2010;117(3):417\u201323.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.07.028"},{"issue":"7","key":"1932_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.11.040","volume":"117","author":"V Nangia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nangia V, Jonas JB, Sinha A, Matin A, Kulkarni M, Panda-Jonas S. Ocular axial length and its associations in an adult population of central rural India: the Central India Eye and Medical Study. Ophthalmology. 2010;117(7):1360\u20136.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1932_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei S, Sun Y, Li S-M. Jian-Ping Hu, Kai Cao, Wenzai An: Effect of body stature on refraction and ocular biometry in Chinese young adults: The Anyang University Students Eye Study. Clinical Experimental Optometry. 2020;104(2):201\u20136.","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.13137"},{"issue":"3","key":"1932_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-311808","volume":"103","author":"L Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang L, Huang W, Huang S, Zhang J, Guo X, Friedman DS, Foster PJ, He M. Ten-year incidence of primary angle closure in elderly Chinese: the Liwan Eye Study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2019;103(3):355\u201360.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1932_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-017-0450-2","volume":"17","author":"JG Yu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yu JG, Zhong J, Mei ZM, Zhao F, Tao N, Xiang Y. Evaluation of biometry and corneal astigmatism in cataract surgery patients from Central China. BMC Ophthalmol. 2017;17(1):56.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1932_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-018-0770-x","volume":"18","author":"Q Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang Q, Huang Y, Luo Q, Fan W. Ocular biometric characteristics of cataract patients in western China. BMC Ophthalmol. 2018;18(1):99.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1932_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000217","volume":"27","author":"EW Chong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chong EW, Mehta JS. High myopia and cataract surgery. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2016;27(1):45\u201350.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1932_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2018.07.049","volume":"44","author":"L Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang L, Koch DD. Modified axial length adjustment formulas in long eyes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2018;44(11):1396\u20137.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"1932_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2018.04.037","volume":"44","author":"G Steinwender","year":"2018","unstructured":"Steinwender G, Schwarz L, Bohm M, Slavik-Lencova A, Hemkeppler E, Shajari M, Kohnen T. Visual results after implantation of a trifocal intraocular lens in high myopes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2018;44(6):680\u20135.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1932_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-019-1144-8","volume":"19","author":"X Ning","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ning X, Yang Y, Yan H, Zhang J. Anterior chamber depth - a predictor of refractive outcomes after age-related cataract surgery. BMC Ophthalmol. 2019;19(1):134.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1932_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2015.12.050","volume":"42","author":"M Muzyka-Wozniak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Muzyka-Wozniak M, Ogar A. Anterior chamber depth and iris and lens position before and after phacoemulsification in eyes with a short or long axial length. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2016;42(4):563\u20138.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1932_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.08.027","volume":"125","author":"RB Melles","year":"2018","unstructured":"Melles RB, Holladay JT, Chang WJ. Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Calculation Formulas. Ophthalmology. 2018;125(2):169\u201378.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1932_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(13)80338-0","volume":"19","author":"KJ Hoffer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hoffer KJ. The Hoffer Q formula: A comparison of theoretic and regression formulas. Journal of Cataract Refractive Surgery. 1993;19(6):700\u201312.","journal-title":"Journal of Cataract Refractive Surgery"}],"container-title":["BMC Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12886-021-01932-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12886-021-01932-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12886-021-01932-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T19:27:42Z","timestamp":1618342062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12886-021-01932-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1932"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-021-01932-4","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-200270\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2415"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2415","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Aier Eye Hospital(2018IRBKY10) and was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the need for informed consent was waived.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The author declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"178"}}