{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:49:42Z","timestamp":1785113382509,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Peking University People\u2019s Hospital","award":["RDX2020-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RDX2020-03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo confocal microscopic morphology of corneal subbasal nerves and its relationship with clinical parameters in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome in China.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This was a case control study of 22 dry eye disease (DED) patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (pSS) and 20 control subjects with non-Sj\u00f6gren dry eye disease (NSDE). Each patient underwent an evaluation of ocular surface disease using the tear film break-up time (TBUT), noninvasive tear film break-up time (NIKBUT), noninvasive tear meniscus height (NIKTMH), corneal staining (National Eye Institute scale, NEI), Schirmer I test, meibography, and corneal subbasal nerve analysis with in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). The right eye of each subject was included in this study.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>SS patients showed a shorter TBUT (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009) and Schirmer I test results (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028) than the NSDE group. However, there was no significant difference in NIKBUT between the two groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.393). The nerve density of subbasal nerves, number of nerves and tortuosity of the SS group were significantly lower than those of the NSDE group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.039, respectively). In the SS group, the mean nerve length was correlated with age and the Schirmer I test (r\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.519, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.013 and r\u2009=\u20090.463, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.035, respectively). Corneal staining was correlated with nerve density and the number of nerves (r\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.534, P\u2009=\u20090.013 and r\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.487, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.025, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Sj\u00f6gren syndrome dry eye (SSDE) patients have more severe clinical dry eye parameters than non-Sj\u00f6gren dry eye disease (NSDE) patients. Compared with NSDE patients, we found that SSDE patients showed decreased corneal subbasal nerve density and numbers.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-021-01967-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T20:02:28Z","timestamp":1620849748000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Corneal nerve structure in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome in China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Fangting","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuebo","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiwen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaobin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1370-6275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingwei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1967_CR1","first-page":"247","volume":"30","author":"R Patel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Patel R, Shahane A. 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The study was approved by the Peking University People\u2019s Hospital Ethical Review Board in Beijing, China (number: 2017PHB167\u201301). Informed written consent for participation was obtained from the individual participants included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable. No individual data, details or images are presented in the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"211"}}