{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T02:15:10Z","timestamp":1778811310379,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Choroidal osteoma is a benign intraocular tumor that can increase risk of developing choroidal neovascularization. The visual prognosis is influenced by the tumor location, decalcification status, overlying RPE atrophy, presence of choroidal neovascularization, persistence of subretinal fluid and occurrence of subretinal hemorrhages.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The authors present a 40-year-old woman diagnosed with choroidal osteoma of the right eye. Her best corrected visual acuity was 12\/20 but decreased to 5\/20 due to secondary choroidal neovascularization after 8\u2009years follow up. Fundus examination revealed an enlarged choroidal osteoma in most margins at posterior pole with schistose hemorrhage beside macula. Optical coherence tomography angiography revealed unique features in the vascular changes of choroidal neovascularization in choroidal osteoma in the outer retinal layer and choroid capillary layers, and subretinal neovascularization. Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography showed there was hypo-fluorescence at the peripapillary with faint hyper-fluorescence at the macular, corresponding to the location on the fundus photograph. The patient received 3 injections of intravitreal ranibizumab. After 1\u2009year follow up, her visual acuity of the right eye was 18\/20 and the CNV had regressed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We present the findings and treatment of a case of choroidal osteoma with secondary choroidal neovascularization. Optical coherence tomography angiography combined with FFA and ICGA is used to analysis the characteristics of secondary choroidal neovascularization. Optical coherence tomography angiography can reveal some unique characteristics in the vascular changes compared to fundus fluorescein angiography.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-021-02004-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T12:05:26Z","timestamp":1622462726000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Secondary choroidal neovascularization due to choroidal osteoma after 9\u2009years follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shixin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangjun","family":"She","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7518-2932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lijun","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2004_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-199703740-00015","volume":"37","author":"EF Kadrmas","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kadrmas EF, Weiter JJ. 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