{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T03:46:59Z","timestamp":1792640819760,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630713600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We report a case of bilateral pachychoroid disease manifesting polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) with punctate hyperfluorescent spot (PHS) in one eye, and peripheral exudative hemorrhagic choroidal retinopathy (PEHCR) with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and PHS in the contralateral eye.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>: A 51-year-old healthy woman presented with complaint of blurred vision in her right eye. Corrected visual acuity was 20\/20 in the right and 24\/20 in the left eye. Fundus examination was normal in the left eye. In the right eye, fundus finding of an orange-red nodular lesion and optical coherence tomography (OCT) finding of polypoidal lesions led to a diagnosis of PCV. Four aflibercept intravitreal injections were performed in her right eye. After treatment, indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) confirmed residual polypoidal lesions with branching vascular networks and PHS with choroidal vascular hyperpermeability. OCT showed PHS associated with small sharp-peaked retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) elevation in peripheral fundus and small RPE elevation in posterior fundus. Based on the above findings, PCV with PHS was finally diagnosed in the right eye. Posttreatment corrected visual acuity in the right eye was 20\/20. She presented again 32 months later, with complaint of vision loss in her left eye. Left corrected visual acuity was 20\/20, and fundus examination showed mild vitreous hemorrhage. Vitrectomy was performed. In temporal midperipheral fundus, fluorescein angiography revealed CSC, and OCT showed pachychoroid. ICGA depicted abnormal choroidal networks and PHS in peripheral fundus. Furthermore, polypoidal lesions were confirmed by OCT. Based on the above findings, PEHCR and CSC with PHS was finally diagnosed in the left eye. Postoperative corrected visual acuity in the left eye was 20\/20, and aflibercept intravitreal injection was performed for prevention of recurrence of vitreous hemorrhage.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This is the first case report of PCV with PHS in one eye, and PEHCR with CSC and PHS in the contralateral eye. This case suggests that PCV, PEHCR, and CSC may be linked pathologies of pachychoroid spectrum disease.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-021-02067-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T08:02:32Z","timestamp":1630742552000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A case of bilateral pachychoroid disease: polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in one eye and peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy in contralateral eye"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yorihisa","family":"Kitagawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8298-3757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiyuki","family":"Kawamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryusaburo","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Onoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Nakashizuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2067_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199010010-00001","volume":"10","author":"LA Yannuzzi","year":"1990","unstructured":"Yannuzzi LA, Sorenson J, Spaide RF, Lipson B. 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The patient gave written consent for publication of clinical data and images, following detailed explanation of the purpose of the manuscript and understanding that no identifiable information will be released.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"320"}}