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This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal ocular biometric and refractive development of first-year university students and the influence of near work.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study included 526 first-year university students from Tianjin Medical University (mean age, 18.34\u00a0years; 313 females and 213 males). From 2016 to 2018, participants underwent ocular biometry measurements and subjective refraction annually. Near-work activities such as the use of electronic devices, online games, reading, and writing as well as demographic data were recorded by questionnaires.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The prevalence of myopia in this population from 2016 to 2018 was 92.40%, 92.59%, and 92.97%, respectively. Importantly, the prevalence of high myopia increased significantly from 20.91% to 28.33% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). The spherical equivalent refraction was significantly more myopic by approximately\u2009\u2212\u20090.38 D (from\u2009\u2212\u20094.18\u2009\u00b1\u20092.44 to\u2009\u2212\u20094.56\u2009\u00b1\u20092.57 D; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) during the period. The axial length, central corneal thickness, and lens thickness became significantly different (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05), and the axial length significantly increased by 0.12\u00a0mm during 2\u00a0years (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Using binary logistic regression analysis, the data indicated that spending more time on online games (odds ratio, 2.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.33<jats:bold>\u2013<\/jats:bold>3.29) could speed up the progression of myopia (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study showed that the prevalence of high myopia continued to increase in undergraduate students over 2\u00a0years. Baseline myopia correlated with myopic shift, the time spent on online games, and parental myopia were significantly associated with an increase in myopia in these young adult populations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-022-02440-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]],"date-time":"2022-05-14T22:02:22Z","timestamp":1652565742000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Development pattern of ocular biometric parameters and refractive error in young Chinese adults: a longitudinal study of first-year university students"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Xue","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yicheng","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Biying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1938-8397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-ho","family":"To","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9708-0355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruihua","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2440_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000516","volume":"92","author":"CW Pan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pan CW, Dirani M, Cheng CY, Wong TY, Saw SM. 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All participants were over 16\u00a0years old. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants before the data collection. The study was registered on September 7, 2019 (, Registration number: ChiCTR1900025774).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"220"}}