{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T12:45:25Z","timestamp":1789562725130,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research Egypt"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To evaluate the surgical outcome of epicanthus and telecanthus correction by C-U medial canthoplasty with lateral canthoplasty in Blepharophimosis Syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This was a retrospective single arm interventional study including 18 eyes of 9 patients with Blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome who presented to oculoplastic clinic, ophthalmology department, Qena university hospital in the period of between July 2020 to April 2021. All the patients had BPES with epicanthus and telecanthus. All cases were subjected to by C plasty with medial and lateral canthoplasty for correction of epicanthus and telecanthus correction followed by frontalis suspension surgery to correct the co-existing blepharoptosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study included 9 cases of BPES, 6 boys and 3 girls, the mean age was 5.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5 in the study group, all patients had a positive family history for BPES. After surgery, the mean IICD decreased from 38.44\u2009mm preoperatively to 32.8\u2009mm postoperatively, with a mean difference of 6.2\u2009mm (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009\u00a00.001). Likewise, the mean PFL increased from 20.78\u2009mm preoperatively to 26.63\u2009mm postoperatively, with a mean difference of 5.8\u2009mm (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009\u00a00.001). Epicanthus skin fold disappeared in all cases and medical canthus could be seen with well healed difficulty seen scars.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>C-U medial canthoplasty with lateral canthoplasty in Blepharophimosis Syndrome was found to be an effective procedure in the correction of epicanthus and telecanthus.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-022-02455-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T09:07:04Z","timestamp":1652951224000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Surgical outcome of epicanthus and telecanthus correction by C-U medial canthoplasty with lateral canthoplasty in treatment of Blepharophimosis syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ahmed Ali","family":"Amer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa Mahmoud","family":"Abdellah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nader Hussein Fouad","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr","family":"Mounir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2455_CR1","first-page":"1020","volume":"35","author":"J Zlotogora","year":"1983","unstructured":"Zlotogora J, Sagi M, Cohen T. The blepharophimosis, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus syndrome: delineation of two types. Am J Hum Genet. 1983;35(5):1020.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2455_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.25.1.47","volume":"25","author":"C Oley","year":"1988","unstructured":"Oley C, Baraitser M. Blepharophimosis, ptosis, epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES syndrome). J Med Genet. 1988;25(1):47.","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2455_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2006.01448.x","volume":"35","author":"A Taylor","year":"2007","unstructured":"Taylor A, Strike PW, Tyers AG. Blepharophimosis\u2013ptosis\u2013epicanthus inversus syndrome: objective analysis of surgical outcome in patients from a single unit. 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J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 1963;16:346\u201356.","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2455_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-009-9313-4","volume":"33","author":"H Li","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li H, et al. Multistage correction of blepharophimosis: our rationale for 18 cases. Aesthet Plast Surg. 2009;33(4):576.","journal-title":"Aesthet Plast Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2455_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1989.01070010458045","volume":"107","author":"RL Anderson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Anderson RL, Nowinski TS. The five-flap technique for blepharophimosis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;107(3):448\u201352.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2455_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-199203230-00012","volume":"32","author":"TS Nowinski","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nowinski TS. Correction of telecanthus in the blepharophimosis syndrome. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1992;32(3):157\u201364.","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"2455_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/5.12.2049","volume":"5","author":"M Maw","year":"1996","unstructured":"Maw M, Kar B, Biswas J, Biswas P, Nancarrow D, Bridges R, et al. Linkage of blepharophimosis syndrome in a large Indian pedigree to chrosome 7p. Hum Mol Genet. 1996;5:2049\u201354.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"2455_CR11","first-page":"175","volume":"13","author":"HM Zhang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Zhang HM, Sun GC, Liu Z. Treatment of congenital eyelid syndrome (CES). 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A new method of medial epicanthoplasty for patients with blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome. Ophthalmology. 2012;119(11):2402\u20137.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2455_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.95870","volume":"60","author":"K Bhattacharjee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bhattacharjee K, Bhattacharjee H, Kuri G, Shah ZT, Deori N. Single stage surgery for Blepharophimosis syndrome. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2012;60:195\u2013201.","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2455_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000198","volume":"75","author":"K Yamaguchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yamaguchi K, Imai K, Fujimoto T, Takahashi M, Maruyama Y. Cosmetic comparison between the modified Uchida method and the Mustarde method for Blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus Inversus syndrome. Ann Plast Surg. 2015;75(5):518\u201321.","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"}],"container-title":["BMC Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12886-022-02455-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12886-022-02455-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12886-022-02455-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T09:09:56Z","timestamp":1652951396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12886-022-02455-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2455"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-022-02455-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2415"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2415","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 January 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 May 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki, and the approval of the ethics committees was obtained from the \u201cMedical Research Ethics Committee\u201d of Qena Faculty of Medicine, South valley university under IBR Registration number: SVU\/Med\/OPH026\/4\/22\/1\/318.All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. We obtained written informed consent from all legal guardians of participants after explaining the methods and purpose of the research, allowing sufficient time for questions, and ensuring clarity.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent from all legal guardians of included children was obtained for publication of identifying images in an online open-access publication<b>.<\/b>","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"226"}}