{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T22:57:45Z","timestamp":1767826665750,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654732800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Sturge\u2013Weber Syndrome (SWS) is a rare disease involving the eye, skin, and brain. Port-wine stain (PWS) and glaucoma are common clinical manifestations. This study analysed the clinical characteristics of infants with PWS and glaucoma secondary to SWS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Children with PWS and glaucoma secondary to SWS were enrolled. Data were extracted from ophthalmic and systemic examination findings. Ocular examinations included intraocular pressure, anterior segment and fundus examination, and ocular A-scan and B-scan ultrasonography.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Fifty-seven patients were included, with a mean age of 9.9\u2009\u00b1\u200911.9\u00a0months, and 34 (59.6%) patients were male. In all, 61 eyes were diagnosed with glaucoma. Forty-one patients (71.9%) had unilateral facial PWS and glaucoma occurred on the same side. Eight patients (14.0%) had Mongolian spots and ten patients (17.5%) had epilepsy. Corneal changes included corneal oedema (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200936 eyes, 59.0%), corneal opacity (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915 eyes, 24.6%), and Haab lines (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200913 eyes, 21.3%). Mean corneal diameter and thickness in the eyes with glaucoma was larger than those in the unaffected eyes (12.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7\u00a0mm vs 10.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6\u00a0mm, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; 681.2\u2009\u00b1\u2009106.4\u00a0\u00b5m vs 578.2\u2009\u00b1\u200958.2\u00a0\u00b5m, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The eyes with glaucoma had higher IOP and larger axial length and C\/D ratio (19.3\u2009\u00b1\u20096.2\u00a0mmHg vs 11.6\u2009\u00b1\u20094.2\u00a0mmHg, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; 21.23\u2009\u00b1\u20091.93\u00a0mm vs 19.68\u2009\u00b1\u20091.61\u00a0mm, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; and 0.57\u2009\u00b1\u20090.18 vs 0.24\u2009\u00b1\u20090.15, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Thirty-three (57.9%) and 25 (43.9%) patients showed diffuse choroidal haemangioma (DCH) and conjunctival\/episcleral haemangiomas, respectively. Ten patients (17.5%) showed iris anterior insertion or hyperpigmentation in the anterior chamber angles. Six of them had Mongolian spots at the same time.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Monocular glaucoma, DCH, and conjunctival\/episcleral haemangiomas are common in SWS patients with PWS and glaucoma. Glaucomatous eyes have larger corneal diameter and axial length and thicker cornea. Patients with Mongolian spots have higher incidence of iris anterior insertion or hyperpigmentation in anterior chamber angle.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-022-02476-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T18:03:50Z","timestamp":1654797830000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Clinical characteristics of infants with port-wine stain and glaucoma secondary to Sturge\u2013Weber Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Honggai","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Man","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanhui","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianwei","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2476_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Comi AM. 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