{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T02:46:05Z","timestamp":1790304365087,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707091200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report the microbiological isolates, aetiology, complications, antibiotic susceptibilities, and clinical remission of dacryocystitis and canaliculitis in a prominent tertiary ophthalmic teaching and referral hospital located in northern China and to offer appropriate recommendations for preventing and formulating drug treatment strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective study recruited a total of 477 participants who had been diagnosed with either dacryocystitis or canaliculitis. The cohort comprised 307 patients with chronic dacryocystitis, 111 patients with acute dacryocystitis, and 59 patients with canaliculitis. Purulent discharge from the lacrimal duct was collected using a sterile swab and immediately subjected to microbial culture. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted following established protocols. All participants were scheduled for follow-up visits within 14 days after receiving antibiotic therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present findings indicated that women exhibited a higher susceptibility to the condition, as evidenced by the occurrence of 367 cases in comparison to 110 cases among men. Among the 477 patients, definitive causes were established in 59 individuals, accounting for 12.4% of the patients. Additionally, ocular complications were reported by 132 patients, representing 27.7% of the total. Monocular involvement was observed in the majority of cases, with 402 out of 477 patients (84.3%) affected, while binocular involvement was present in 75 patients (15.7%). In total, 506 microbiological strains were recovered from 552 eyes, with<jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>(16.4%) being the most prevalent microorganism. Other predominant isolates included<jats:italic>Corynebacterium macginleyi<\/jats:italic>(9.1%),<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>(5.1%),<jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>(4.9%), Haemophilus (4.4%),<jats:italic>Propionibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic>(3.5%), and<jats:italic>Eikenella corrodens<\/jats:italic>(3.1%). Among the 12 isolated fungi,<jats:italic>Candida parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>accounted for 66.7%. The susceptibility to antimicrobial agents tested in gram-negative bacilli (79.5%) was observed to be higher than that of anaerobic bacteria (76.7%) and gram-positive cocci (55.4%). With pharmacological therapy, the remission rate of acute dacryocystitis (72.7%) was found to be higher than that of canaliculitis (53.3%) and chronic dacryocystitis (42.3%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study highlights the microbial spectrum of dacryocystitis and canaliculitis, particularly<jats:italic>C.macginleyi<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>E.corrodens<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>C.parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>, which are also more frequently isolated. Vancomycin and imipenem may be more effective treatment options. Most cases have an unknown aetiology, and essential preventive measures involve postoperative cleansing of the lacrimal passage following eye and nasal surgeries, as well as the proactive management of rhinitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03323-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T09:02:19Z","timestamp":1707123739000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Microbiological isolates and associated complications of dacryocystitis and canaliculitis in a prominent tertiary ophthalmic teaching hospital in northern China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueqing","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"3323_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optm.2009.03.016","volume":"80","author":"SE Liyanage","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liyanage SE, Wearne M. Lacrimal canaliculitis as a cause of recurrent conjunctivitis. Optometry. 2009;80(9):479\u201380.","journal-title":"Optometry"},{"issue":"4","key":"3323_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20180067","volume":"81","author":"AL Bas\u00edlio","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bas\u00edlio AL, Cabugueira A, Borges B, Flores R, Amaro A, Magri\u00e7o A. Chronic lacrimal canaliculitis - the answer to a three-year history of red eye. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2018;81(4):341\u20133.","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3323_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb43020049","volume":"43","author":"Y Okajima","year":"2021","unstructured":"Okajima Y, Suzuki T, Miyazaki C, Goto S, Ishikawa S, Suzuki Y, Aoki K, Ishii Y, Tateda K, Hori Y. Metagenomic shotgun sequencing analysis of canalicular concretions in lacrimal canaliculitis cases. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2021;43(2):676\u201386.","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3323_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.4103\/ojo.ojo_80_21","volume":"14","author":"J Khatoon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khatoon J, Rizvi SAR, Gupta Y, Alam MS. A prospective study on epidemiology of dacryocystitis at a tertiary eye care center in Northern India. Oman J Ophthalmol. 2021;14(3):169\u201372.","journal-title":"Oman J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3323_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S175463","volume":"12","author":"F Eslami","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eslami F, Ghasemi Basir HR, Moradi A, Heidari Farah S. Microbiological study of dacryocystitis in northwest of Iran. Clin Ophthalmol. 2018;12:1859\u201364.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"26","key":"3323_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11318","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000011318","volume":"97","author":"L Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen L, Fu T, Gu H, Jie Y, Sun Z, Jiang D, Yu J, Zhu X, Xu J, Hong J. Trends in dacryocystitis in China: a STROBE-compliant article. Medicine (Baltim). 2018;97(26):e11318.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim)"},{"key":"3323_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-012-0238-8","volume":"14","author":"S Pinar-Sueiro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pinar-Sueiro S, Sota M, Lerchundi TX, Gibelalde A, Berasategui B, Vilar B, Hernandez JL. Dacryocystitis: systematic approach to diagnosis and therapy. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2012;14:137\u201346.","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3323_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjopt.2013.11.003","volume":"28","author":"J Zaveri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zaveri J, Cohen AJ. Lacrimal canaliculitis. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2014;28(1):3\u20135.","journal-title":"Saudi J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3323_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.4103\/joco.joco_307_21","volume":"34","author":"M Singh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singh M, Mehta A, Sharma M, Kaur M, Gupta P. A clinical tetrad for easy diagnosis of Lacrimal Canaliculitis. J Curr Ophthalmol. 2022;34(3):347\u201351.","journal-title":"J Curr Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3323_CR10","first-page":"649","volume":"105","author":"JJ Woog","year":"2007","unstructured":"Woog JJ. The incidence of symptomatic acquired lacrimal outflow obstruction among residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1976\u20132000 (an American Ophthalmological Society thesis). Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2007;105:649\u201366.","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"3323_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases6040096","volume":"6","author":"A Vagge","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vagge A, Ferro Desideri L, Nucci P, Serafino M, Giannaccare G, Lembo A, Traverso CE. Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction (CNLDO): a review. Diseases. 2018;6(4):96.","journal-title":"Diseases"},{"key":"3323_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1991.103","volume":"5","author":"CJ MacEwen","year":"1991","unstructured":"MacEwen CJ, Young JD. Epiphora during the first year of life. Eye. 1991;5:596\u2013600.","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"6","key":"3323_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e156","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001686","volume":"36","author":"N Bothra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bothra N, Agarwal K, Ali MJ. Panophthalmitis and visual loss as a complication of acute dacryocystitis. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020;36(6):e156-158.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"3323_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2018.07.045","volume":"50","author":"AK Alsalamah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alsalamah AK, Alkatan HM, Al-Faky YH. Acute dacryocystitis complicated by orbital cellulitis and loss of vision: a case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2018;50:130\u20134.","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"3323_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2016.70.433-436","volume":"70","author":"K Shahraki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shahraki K, Makateb A, Shirzadi K, Khosravifard K. Frequency of bacterial samples from patients with chronic acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Med Arch. 2016;70(6):433\u20136.","journal-title":"Med Arch"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"3323_CR16","first-page":"156","volume":"25","author":"F AlHammad","year":"2018","unstructured":"AlHammad F, Al Tamimi E, Yassin S, et al. Unilateral congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, is it an amblyogenic factor?[J]. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. 2018;25(3\u20134):156\u201360.","journal-title":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3323_CR17","first-page":"296","volume":"106","author":"R Mandal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mandal R, Banerjee AR, Biswas MC, Mondal A, Kundu PK, Sasmal NK. Clinicobacteriological study of chronic dacryocystitis in adults. J Indian Med Assoc. 2008;106(5):296\u20138.","journal-title":"J Indian Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"3323_CR18","first-page":"29","volume":"48","author":"A Kebede","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kebede A, Adamu Y, Bejiga A. Bacteriological study of dacryocystitis among patients attending in Menelik II Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. 2010;48(1):29\u201333.","journal-title":"Ethiop Med J"},{"key":"3323_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S100280","volume":"10","author":"K Pornpanich","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pornpanich K, Luemsamran P, Leelaporn A, Santisuk J, Tesavibul N, Lertsuwanroj B, Vangveeravong S. Microbiology of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction: simple epiphora, acute dacryocystitis, and chronic dacryocystitis. Clin Ophthalmol. 2016;10:337\u201342.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3323_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2018.1466901","volume":"38","author":"SY Chung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chung SY, Rafailov L, Turbin RE, Langer PD. The microbiologic profile of dacryocystitis. Orbit. 2019;38(1):72\u20138.","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"issue":"10","key":"3323_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9102035","volume":"9","author":"J Varin-Simon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Varin-Simon J, Lamret F, Colin M, Gangloff SC, Mongaret C, Reffuveille F. Comparison of two cutibacterium acnes biofilm models. Microorganisms. 2021;9(10): 2035.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"5","key":"3323_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20051215","volume":"20","author":"X Argemi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Argemi X, Hansmann Y, Prola K, Prevost G. Coagulase-negative staphylococci pathogenomics. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(5): 1215.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"3323_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8111752","volume":"8","author":"M Fourniere","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fourniere M, Latire T, Souak D, Feuilloley MGJ, Bedoux G. Staphylococcus epidermidis and cutibacterium acnes: two major sentinels of skin microbiota and the influence of cosmetics. Microorganisms. 2020;8(11): 1752.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"3323_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-016-2489-5","volume":"17","author":"GJ Christensen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Christensen GJ, Scholz CF, Enghild J, Rohde H, Kilian M, Th\u00fcrmer A, Brzuszkiewicz E, Lomholt HB, Bruggemann H. Antagonism between staphylococcus epidermidis and propionibacterium acnes and its genomic basis. BMC Genomics. 2016;17:152.","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"3323_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-013-5394-8","volume":"98","author":"Y Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang Y, Kuo S, Shu M, Yu J, Huang S, Dai A, Two A, Gallo RL, Huang CM. Staphylococcus epidermidis in the human skin microbiome mediates fermentation to inhibit the growth of propionibacterium acnes: implications of probiotics in acne vulgaris. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2014;98(1):411\u201324.","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"3323_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-015-0016-0","volume":"15","author":"Y Assefa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Assefa Y, Moges F, Endris M, Zereay B, Amare B, Bekele D, Tesfaye S, Mulu A, Belyhun Y. Bacteriological profile and drug susceptibility patterns in dacryocystitis patients attending Gondar University Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Ophthalmol. 2015;15:34.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3323_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672119896419","volume":"31","author":"G Grandi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grandi G, Bianco G, Boattini M, Scalabrin S, Iannaccone M, Fea A, Cavallo R, Costa C. Bacterial etiology and antimicrobial resistance trends in ocular infections: a 30-year study, Turin area, Italy. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2021;31(2):405\u201314.","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3323_CR28","first-page":"1","volume":"104","author":"F Fabian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fabian F, Cremades R, Pinto ES, et al. Microbiological profile of urinary tractinfections in a tertiary medical facility in Western Mexico: an update. Sci Prog. 2021;104(1):1\u201338.","journal-title":"Sci Prog"},{"key":"3323_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2340670","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2340670","volume":"2020","author":"L Chunxi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chunxi L, Haiyue L, Yanxia L, Jianbing P, Jin S. The gut microbiota and respiratory diseases: new evidence. J Immunol Res. 2020;2020:2340670.","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3323_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-45-1-128","volume":"45","author":"P Riegel","year":"1995","unstructured":"Riegel P, Ruimy R, de Briel D, Pr\u00e9vost G, Jehl F, Christen R, Monteil H. Genomic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among lipid-requiring diphtheroids from humans and characterization of corynebacterium macginleyi sp. Nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1995;45(1):128\u201333.","journal-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3323_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.84.12.1420","volume":"84","author":"AM Joussen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Joussen AM, Funke G, Joussen F, Herbertz G. Corynebacterium macginleyi: a conjunctiva specific pathogen. Br J Ophthalmol. 2000;84(12):1420\u20132.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3323_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3833","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01212-07","volume":"45","author":"T Suzuki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Suzuki T, Iihara H, Uno T, Hara Y, Ohkusu K, Hata H, Shudo M, Ohashi Y. Suture-related keratitis caused by corynebacterium macginleyi. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45(11):3833\u20136.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3323_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3788","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01289-10","volume":"48","author":"AR Alsuwaidi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alsuwaidi AR, Wiebe D, Burdz T, Ng B, Reimer A, Singh C, Bernard K. Corynebacterium macginleyi conjunctivitis in Canada. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48(10):3788\u201390.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3323_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2004.04.056","volume":"30","author":"C Ferrer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ferrer C, Ruiz-Moreno JM, Rodriguez A, Montero J, Alio JL. Postoperative corynebacterium macginleyi endophthalmitis. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004;30(11):2441\u20134.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"3323_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(99)80198-6","volume":"125","author":"I Brook","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brook I, Frazier EH. Aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of dacryocystitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1998;125(4):552\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3323_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.169209","volume":"142","author":"M Sowmiya","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sowmiya M, Malathi J, Swarnali S, Priya JP, Therese KL, Madhavan HN. A study on the characterization of Propionibacterium acnes isolated from ocular clinical specimens. Indian J Med Res. 2015;142(4):438\u201349.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"3323_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.4274\/tjo.galenos.2022.37659","volume":"53","author":"EG Bayuk","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bayuk EG, Malko\u00e7 \u015een E, \u00c7orak Ero\u011flu F, Serbest Ceylano\u011flu K, Evren E. Long-term follow-up results of primary canaliculitis patients. Turk J Ophthalmol. 2023;53(3):149\u201353.","journal-title":"Turk J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3323_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4274\/tjo.68916","volume":"46","author":"M Bal\u0131ko\u011flu Y\u0131lmaz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bal\u0131ko\u011flu Y\u0131lmaz M, \u015een E, Evren E, Elgin U, Y\u0131lmazba\u015f P. Canaliculitis awareness. Turk J Ophthalmol. 2016;46(1):25\u20139.","journal-title":"Turk J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3323_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.4103\/2211-5056.354280","volume":"12","author":"PM Kally","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kally PM, Omari A, Schlachter DM, Folberg R, Nesi-Eloff F. Microbial profile of lacrimal system dacryoliths in American Midwest patient population. Taiwan J Ophthalmol. 2022;12(3):330\u20133.","journal-title":"Taiwan J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3323_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538.2013.833269","volume":"30","author":"MJ Ali","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ali MJ, Joshi SD, Naik MN, Honavar SG. Clinical profile and management outcome of acute dacryocystitis: two decades of experience in a tertiary eye care center. Semin Ophthalmol. 2015;30(2):118\u201323.","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3323_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-021-00449-9","volume":"11","author":"PJM Bispo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bispo PJM, Sahm DF, Asbell PA. A systematic review of Multi-decade antibiotic resistance data for ocular bacterial pathogens in the United States. Ophthalmol Ther. 2022;11(2):503\u201320.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"3323_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200161060-00004","volume":"61","author":"A Smith","year":"2001","unstructured":"Smith A, Pennefather PM, Kaye SB, Hart CA. Fluoroquinolones: place in ocular therapy. Drugs. 2001;61(6):747\u201361.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"5","key":"3323_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e116","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e318201ca3b","volume":"27","author":"EJ Wladis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wladis EJ. Dacryocystitis secondary to stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;27(5):e116-117.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"3323_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9091840","volume":"9","author":"MC Ho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ho MC, Hsiao CH, Sun MH, Hwang YS, Lai CC, Wu WC, Chen KJ. Antimicrobial susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentrations, and clinical profiles of stenotrophomonas maltophilia endophthalmitis. Microorganisms. 2021;9(9):1840.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"}],"container-title":["BMC Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03323-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03323-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03323-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]],"date-time":"2024-11-10T03:48:12Z","timestamp":1731210492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03323-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3323"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03323-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2415"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2415","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 May 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Tongren Hospital and performed in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects or their legal guardians.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written consent for the publication of personal images was obtained from the patients or their legal guardians.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"56"}}