{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T16:35:55Z","timestamp":1788107755736,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Frosted branch angiitis is a retinal vascular condition that is associated with a viral infection or autoimmune disorders like Crohn\u2019s disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Behcet\u2019s disease. Frosted branch angiitis presents with vascular inflammation, retinal edema, and severe retinal vascular sheathing. We present a case of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, an autoinflammatory disease, presenting with frosted branch angiitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Report of Case<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 14-year-old female with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and a history of bilateral anterior uveitis developed acute unilateral vision loss and was found to have frosted branch angiitis complicated by branch retinal vein occlusion. She underwent an extensive serology workup and aqueous viral PCR to rule out other possible autoimmune and viral etiologies for forested branch angiitis. She received systemic and intravitreal antiviral treatment due to positive CMV IgM initially. However, the clinical picture improved following the use of a higher dose of oral steroids and the switch of the immunosuppressive agent to a TNF-a inhibitor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>To our knowledge, this would be the first case in the literature demonstrating a systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis patient presenting with frosted branch angiitis. Infectious causes still must be ruled out, especially CMV, as it is the most common cause of secondary frosted branch angiitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03373-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T16:09:34Z","timestamp":1709654974000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Frosted branch angiitis in a patient with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jarret L.","family":"Garbrecht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary R.","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia K.","family":"McClard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jila","family":"Noori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3373_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.81048","volume":"59","author":"UK Wali","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wali UK, Al-Mujaini A. Frosted branch angiitis, neuroretinitis as initial ocular manifestation in Beh\u00e7et disease. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2011;59(3):240\u20131.","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3373_CR2","first-page":"797","volume":"30","author":"Y Ito","year":"1976","unstructured":"Ito Y, Nakano M, Kyu N, Takeuchi M. Frosted branch angiitis in a child. Rinsho Ganka Jpn J Clin Ophthalmol. 1976;30:797\u2013803.","journal-title":"Rinsho Ganka Jpn J Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3373_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2006.10.010","volume":"11","author":"M Taban","year":"2007","unstructured":"Taban M, Sears JE, Crouch E, Schachat AP, Traboulsi EI. Acute idiopathic frosted branch angiitis. J AAPOS. 2007;11(3):286\u20137.","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"3373_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwon SJ, Park DH, Shin JP. 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Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2008;16(1):41\u20133.","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"3373_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2023.2194412","volume":"18","author":"R Khanna","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khanna R, Devishanmani CS, Pradeep S, Biswas J. Multimodal Imaging of a case of bilateral Frosted Branch Angiitis in a 5-Year-old boy secondary to Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2023;18:1\u20134.","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"3373_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agarwal M, Shrivastav A, Waris A. Tubercular retinal vasculitis mimicking frosted branch angiitis: a case report. J Ophthal Inflamm Infect. 2018;8(3).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12348-018-0145-8"},{"key":"3373_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Budoff G, Tsui E. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus presenting as unilateral Frosted Branch Angiitis. 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