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RT-qPCR was performed to measure IL-1\u03b2 mRNA and miR-146a-5p in CECs. Western blotting was performed to measure STAT3, GSDMD, NLRP3, and Caspase-1 levels. Cell counting kit-8 assay was adopted to check cell viability. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. ELISAs were performed to determine IL-18, IL-33 and LDH. The luciferase test detects targeting relationships.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>After treatment with 400 mOsM solution, cell viability decreased and apoptosis increased. Compared with hCECs, IL-1\u03b2 was increased and miR-146a-5p was decreased in hCECs-DED. At the same time, GSDMD, NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-18, IL-33 and LDH were significantly higher in hCECs-DED than in hCECs, while IL-1\u03b2 silencing reversed this effect. In addition, IL-1\u03b2 negatively regulated miR-146a-5p. MiR-146a-5p mimics eliminated the inhibition of hCECs-DED pyroptosis and apoptosis caused by IL-1\u03b2 silencing. At the same time, miR-146a-5p reduced STAT3 levels in hCECs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Highly expressed IL-1\u03b2 promoted pyroptosis and apoptosis of hCECs- DED through downregulated miR-146a-5p and inhibited STAT3.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03396-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T15:01:46Z","timestamp":1711724506000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["IL-1\u03b2 induced down-regulation of miR-146a-5p promoted pyroptosis and apoptosis of corneal epithelial cell in dry eye disease through targeting STAT3"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xuejiao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianshu","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"3396_CR1","unstructured":"R\u00e6der S, Klyve P, Utheim TP. 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