{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T03:24:02Z","timestamp":1788319442887,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Retinal vascular occlusions, including retinal vein occlusion and retinal artery occlusion, are common causes of visual impairment. In order to evaluate the national medical burden and help improve ophthalmic health care policy planning, we investigated the incidence of retinal vascular occlusive diseases from 2011 to 2020 in Korea.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study is a nationwide population-based retrospective study using data from the Korea national health claim database of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) service. We identified retinal vascular occlusive diseases registered from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2020, according to the retinal vascular occlusion code (H34) and its sub-codes from international classification of disease, tenth revision diagnosis code. We used data from the entire Korean population based on the 2015 census of the population in Korea to calculate standardized incidence rates.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We identified 348,775 individuals (male, 161,673 [46.4%]; female, 187,102 [53.6%]) with incident retinal vascular occlusion (H34), 10,451 individuals (males, 6,329 [60.6%]; females, 4,122 [39.4%]) with incident central retinal artery occlusion (H34.1), and 252,810 individuals (males, 114,717 [45.4%]; females, 138,093 [54.6%]) with incident retinal vein occlusion (H34.8) during the 10-year study period. The weighted mean incidence rate of retinal vascular occlusion was 70.41 (95% CI, 70.18\u201370.65) cases\/100,000 person-years. The weighted mean incidence rate of central retinal artery occlusion was 2.10 (95% CI, 2.06\u20132.14) cases\/100,000 person-years. The weighted mean incidence rate of retinal vein occlusion was 50.99 (95% CI, 50.79\u201351.19) cases\/100,000 person-years.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The total retinal vascular occlusion and retinal vein occlusion showed a decreasing trend until 2020. However, the central retinal artery occlusion decreased until 2014 and remained stable without a significant further decline until 2020. The incidence of total retinal vascular occlusion and retinal vein occlusion was higher in females than in males, while the incidence of central retinal artery occlusion was higher in males. All retinal vascular occlusive diseases showed an increasing incidence with older age; the peak age incidence was 75\u201379 years for total retinal vascular occlusion and retinal vein occlusion, and 80\u201385 years for central retinal artery occlusion.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03397-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T08:24:27Z","timestamp":1711095867000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Incidence rates of retinal vascular occlusive diseases from 2011 to 2020 in South Korea: a nationwide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Shin Hyeong","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bum Jun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Hye","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Chan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rock Bum","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Seop","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"3397_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002057","volume":"37","author":"KA Ponto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ponto KA, Scharrer I, Binder H, Korb C, Rosner AK, Ehlers TO, et al. Hypertension and multiple cardiovascular risk factors increase the risk for retinal vein occlusions: results from the Gutenberg Retinal vein occlusion study. J Hypertens. 2019;37(7):1372\u201383.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"4","key":"3397_CR2","first-page":"235","volume":"7","author":"RA Sharma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sharma RA, Dattilo M, Newman NJ, Biousse V. Treatment of nonarteritic acute central retinal artery occlusion. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2018;7(4):235\u201341.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"issue":"10","key":"3397_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.03.054","volume":"125","author":"V Biousse","year":"2018","unstructured":"Biousse V, Nahab F, Newman NJ. Management of acute retinal ischemia: follow the guidelines! Ophthalmology. 2018;125(10):1597\u2013607.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"115","key":"3397_CR4","first-page":"486","volume":"115","author":"T Vein","year":"1997","unstructured":"Vein T. Natural history and clinical management of central retinal vein occlusion. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;115(115):486\u201391.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10266","key":"3397_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31559-2","volume":"396","author":"IU Scott","year":"2020","unstructured":"Scott IU, Campochiaro PA, Newman NJ, Biousse V. Retinal vascular occlusions. Lancet. 2020;396(10266):1927\u201340.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"3397_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.6860","volume":"139","author":"J Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim J, Byun SJ, Woo SJ, Park KH, Park SJ. Assessment of trends in the incidence rates of central retinal artery occlusion in Korea from 2002 to 2015. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(4):399\u2013405.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3397_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-020-04811-8","volume":"258","author":"JY Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park JY, Park SJ, Byun SJ, Woo SJ, Park KH. Twelve-year incidence of retinal vein occlusion and its trend in Korea. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2020;258(10):2095\u2013104.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3397_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.12.024","volume":"121","author":"SJ Park","year":"2014","unstructured":"Park SJ, Choi N-K, Park KH, Woo SJ. Nationwide incidence of clinically diagnosed retinal vein occlusion in Korea, 2008 through 2011: preponderance of women and the impact of aging. Ophthalmology. 2014;121(6):1274\u201380.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"10","key":"3397_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.04.029","volume":"121","author":"SJ Park","year":"2014","unstructured":"Park SJ, Choi N-K, Seo KH, Park KH, Woo SJ. Nationwide incidence of clinically diagnosed central retinal artery occlusion in Korea, 2008 to 2011. Ophthalmology. 2014;121(10):1933\u20138.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"3397_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2011.05.001","volume":"30","author":"SS Hayreh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hayreh SS. Acute retinal arterial occlusive disorders. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2011;30(5):359\u201394.","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"3397_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.03.006","volume":"116","author":"SS Hayreh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hayreh SS, Podhajsky PA, Zimmerman MB. Retinal artery occlusion associated systemic and ophthalmic abnormalities. Ophthalmology. 2009;116(10):1928\u201336.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"3397_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2019029","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2019029","volume":"41","author":"J-Y Shin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shin J-Y. Trends in the prevalence and management of diabetes in Korea: 2007\u20132017. Epidemiol Health. 2019;41:e2019029.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3397_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10970","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46965-4","volume":"9","author":"SH Kang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kang SH, Kim SH, Cho JH, Yoon CH, Hwang SS, Lee HY, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Korea. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):10970.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3397_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2013.15.1.2","volume":"15","author":"K-S Hong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hong K-S, Bang OY, Kang D-W, Yu K-H, Bae H-J, Lee JS, et al. Stroke statistics in Korea: Part I. Epidemiology and risk factors: a report from the Korean stroke society and clinical research center for stroke. J Stroke. 2013;15(1):2.","journal-title":"J Stroke"},{"issue":"1","key":"3397_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2013.28.1.16","volume":"28","author":"RB Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim RB, Kim B-G, Kim Y-M, Seo JW, Lim YS, Kim HS, et al. Trends in the incidence of hospitalized Acute myocardial infarction and stroke in Korea, 2006\u20132010. J Korean Med Sci. 2013;28(1): 16.","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3397_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.35772\/ghm.2021.01008","volume":"3","author":"HC Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim HC. Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in Korea. Global Health Med. 2021;3(3):134\u201341.","journal-title":"Global Health Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3397_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.4070\/kcj.2015.45.3.202","volume":"45","author":"SW Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee SW, Kim HC, Lee HS, Suh I. Thirty-year trends in mortality from cardiovascular diseases in Korea. Korean Circulation J. 2015;45(3):202\u20139.","journal-title":"Korean Circulation J"},{"issue":"2","key":"3397_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.05.004","volume":"6","author":"Y Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li Y, Hall NE, Pershing S, Hyman L, Haller JA, Lee AY, et al. Age, gender, and laterality of retinal vascular occlusion: a retrospective study from the IRIS\u00ae Registry. Ophthalmol Retina. 2022;6(2):161\u201371.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"issue":"8","key":"3397_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.086660","volume":"126","author":"K Kappert","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kappert K, B\u00f6hm M, Schmieder R, Schumacher H, Teo K, Yusuf S, et al. Impact of sex on cardiovascular outcome in patients at high cardiovascular risk: analysis of the telmisartan randomized assessment study in ACE-intolerant subjects with cardiovascular disease (TRANSCEND) and the ongoing telmisartan alone and in combination with ramipril global end point trial (ONTARGET). Circulation. 2012;126(8):934\u201341.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"3397_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.6.585","volume":"158","author":"MD Silverstein","year":"1998","unstructured":"Silverstein MD, Heit JA, Mohr DN, Petterson TM, O\u2019Fallon WM, Melton LJ. Trends in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a 25-year population-based study. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158(6):585\u201393.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"3397_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648","volume":"323","author":"Z Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese center for disease control and prevention. JAMA. 2020;323(13):1239\u201342.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"3397_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-020-02134-3","volume":"50","author":"RC Becker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Becker RC. COVID-19 update: Covid-19-associated coagulopathy. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2020;50(1):54\u201367.","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3397_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NP168","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672120947591","volume":"32","author":"A Insausti-Garc\u00eda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Insausti-Garc\u00eda A, Reche-Sainz JA, Ruiz-Arranz C, L\u00f3pez V\u00e1zquez \u00c1, Ferro-Osuna M. Papillophlebitis in a COVID-19 patient: inflammation and hypercoagulable state. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2022;32(1):NP168-172.","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3397_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.12997\/jla.2022.11.2.103","volume":"11","author":"D-S Kyoung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kyoung D-S, Kim H-S. Understanding and utilizing claim data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) and Health Insurance Review & Assessment (HIRA) database for research. J Lipid Atheroscler. 2022;11(2):103.","journal-title":"J Lipid Atheroscler"}],"container-title":["BMC Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03397-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03397-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03397-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T08:25:26Z","timestamp":1711095926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03397-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3397"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03397-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2415"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2415","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 March 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Gyeongsang National University, Changwon Hospital (approval no. GNUCH 2021-08-004) and was conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. The requirement for written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Gyeongsang National University, Changwon Hospital (approval no. GNUCH 2021-08-004) because this study analyzed secondary data from the Korea national health claim database of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) service.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable. Because this study analyzed secondary data from the Korea national health claim database of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) service. The dataset did not include personal information such as patient name, social security number, address, or phone number. Only non-identifiable publicly available aggregate results were released for public research.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"128"}}