{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T18:12:25Z","timestamp":1779905545065,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014717","name":"National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82100778"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82100778"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014717","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to compare the efficacy of peripheral add multifocal soft contact lenses (SCLs) (excluding bifocal SCLs) with single vision contact lenses or spectacles in controlling myopia progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the Pubmed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases until October 2023. The literature was thoroughly screened based on predetermined eligibility criteria. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for dichotomous data and weighted mean differences (WMD) for continuous data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 11 articles comprising 787 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Our pooled results demonstrated that the peripheral add multifocal SCLs groups exhibited significantly reduced refraction progression (MD\u2009=\u20090.20; 95%CI, 0.14\u2009\u223c\u20090.27;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) and less axial length elongation (MD=-0.08; 95%CI, -0.09\u223c-0.08;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in high-contrast logMAR distance visual acuity between the two groups (MD\u2009=\u20090.01; 95%CI, -0.00\u2009\u223c\u20090.02;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.19). However, the group using single-vision lenses had better low-contrast logMAR distance visual acuity compared to those using peripheral add multifocal SCLs (MD\u2009=\u20090.06; 95%CI, 0.02\u2009\u223c\u20090.10;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004). Data synthesis using a random-effects model indicated an incidence of contact lens-related adverse events of 0.065 (95%CI, 0.048\u2009\u223c\u20090.083).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present meta-analysis signifies that peripheral defocus modifying contact lenses are effective in slowing down the progression of myopia and reducing axial elongation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03408-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T09:01:56Z","timestamp":1713258116000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Efficacy and adverse reactions of peripheral add multifocal soft contact lenses in childhood myopia: a meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Desheng","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"3408_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/519276a","volume":"519","author":"E Dolgin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dolgin E. The myopia boom. Nature. 2015;519:276\u20138.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3408_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.09.004","volume":"62","author":"IG Morgan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morgan IG, French AN, Ashby RS, Guo X, Ding X, He M, Rose KA. The epidemics of myopia: Aetiology and prevention. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2018;62:134\u201349.","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"3408_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.4009","volume":"134","author":"JW Tideman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tideman JW, Snabel MC, Tedja MS, van Rijn GA, Wong KT, Kuijpers RW, Vingerling JR, Hofman A, Buitendijk GH, Keunen JE, Boon CJ, Geerards AJ, Luyten GP, Verhoeven VJ, Klaver CC. Association of axial length with risk of uncorrectable visual impairment for europeans with myopia. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016;134:1355\u201363.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3408_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000808","volume":"93","author":"TA Aller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aller TA, Liu M, Wildsoet CF. Myopia control with bifocal contact lenses: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Optom Vis Sci. 2016;93:344\u201352.","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"3408_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001410","volume":"96","author":"P Chamberlain","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chamberlain P, Peixoto-de-Matos SC, Logan NS, Ngo C, Jones D, Young G. A 3-year Randomized Clinical Trial of MiSight lenses for Myopia Control. Optom Vis Sci. 2019;96:556\u201367.","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"3408_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sankaridurg P, Bakaraju RC, Naduvilath T, Chen X, Weng R, Tilia D, Xu P, Li W, Conrad F, Smith EL 3rd, Ehrmann K. Myopia control with novel central and peripheral plus contact lenses and extended depth of focus contact lenses: 2 year results from a randomised clinical trial. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2019;39:294\u2013307.","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12621"},{"key":"3408_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12332","volume":"37","author":"SM Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li SM, Kang MT, Wu SS, Meng B, Sun YY, Wei SF, Liu L, Peng X, Chen Z, Zhang F, Wang N. Studies using concentric ring bifocal and peripheral add multifocal contact lenses to slow myopia progression in school-aged children: a meta-analysis. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2017;37:51\u20139.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"3408_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE, Chou R, Glanville J, Grimshaw JM, Hrobjartsson A, Lalu MM, Li T, Loder EW, Mayo-Wilson E, McDonald S, McGuinness LA, Stewart LA, Thomas J, Tricco AC, Welch VA, Whiting P, Moher D. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3408_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","volume":"366","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovic J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I, Cates CJ, Cheng HY, Corbett MS, Eldridge SM, Emberson JR, Hernan MA, Hopewell S, Hrobjartsson A, Junqueira DR, Juni P, Kirkham JJ, Lasserson T, Li T, McAleenan A, Reeves BC, Shepperd S, Shrier I, Stewart LA, Tilling K, White IR, Whiting PF, Higgins JPT. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019;366:l4898.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3408_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","volume":"21","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2002","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002;21:1539\u201358.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"3408_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sankaridurg P, Holden B, Smith E 3rd, Naduvilath T, Chen X, de la Jara PL, Martinez A, Kwan J, Ho A, Frick K, Ge J. Decrease in rate of myopia progression with a contact lens designed to reduce relative peripheral hyperopia: one-year results. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:9362\u20137.","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7260"},{"key":"3408_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paune J, Morales H, Armengol J, Quevedo L, Faria-Ribeiro M, Gonzalez-Meijome JM. (2015) Myopia Control with a Novel Peripheral Gradient Soft Lens and Orthokeratology: A 2-Year Clinical Trial. Biomed Res Int 2015: 507572.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/507572"},{"key":"3408_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000911","volume":"48","author":"J Fang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fang J, Huang Z, Long Y, Zhu M, Wu Q, Chen X, Xv W, Du C. Retardation of myopia by Multifocal Soft Contact Lens and Orthokeratology: A 1-Year randomized clinical trial. Eye Contact Lens. 2022;48:328\u201334.","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"3408_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.13077","volume":"104","author":"AM Garcia-Del Valle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garcia-Del Valle AM, Blazquez V, Gros-Otero J, Infante M, Culebras A, Verdejo A, Sebastian J, Garcia M, Bueno S, Pinero DP. Efficacy and safety of a soft contact lens to control myopia progression. Clin Exp Optom. 2021;104:14\u201321.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"3408_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000036","volume":"90","author":"JJ Walline","year":"2013","unstructured":"Walline JJ, Greiner KL, McVey ME, Jones-Jordan LA. Multifocal contact lens myopia control. Optom Vis Sci. 2013;90:1207\u201314.","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"3408_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S66884","volume":"8","author":"T Fujikado","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fujikado T, Ninomiya S, Kobayashi T, Suzaki A, Nakada M, Nishida K. Effect of low-addition soft contact lenses with decentered optical design on myopia progression in children: a pilot study. Clin Ophthalmol. 2014;8:1947\u201356.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3408_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.10834","volume":"324","author":"JJ Walline","year":"2020","unstructured":"Walline JJ, Walker MK, Mutti DO, Jones-Jordan LA, Sinnott LT, Giannoni AG, Bickle KM, Schulle KL, Nixon A, Pierce GE, Berntsen DA, Group BS. Effect of high add power, Medium Add Power, or single-vision contact lenses on myopia progression in children: the BLINK Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020;324:571\u201380.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3408_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001884","volume":"99","author":"JH Jones","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jones JH, Mutti DO, Jones-Jordan LA, Walline JJ. Effect of combining 0.01% atropine with soft multifocal contact lenses on myopia progression in children. Optom Vis Sci. 2022;99:434\u201342.","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"3408_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-4534.347305","volume":"35","author":"LH Raffa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Raffa LH, Allinjawi K, Sharanjeet K, Akhir SM, Mutalib HA. Myopia control with soft multifocal contact lenses: 18-month follow-up. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2021;35:325\u201331.","journal-title":"Saudi J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3408_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000773","volume":"93","author":"X Cheng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cheng X, Xu J, Chehab K, Exford J, Brennan N. Soft contact lenses with positive spherical aberration for Myopia Control. Optom Vis Sci. 2016;93:353\u201366.","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"3408_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.11.010","volume":"123","author":"J Huang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Huang J, Wen D, Wang Q, McAlinden C, Flitcroft I, Chen H, Saw SM, Chen H, Bao F, Zhao Y, Hu L, Li X, Gao R, Lu W, Du Y, Jinag Z, Yu A, Lian H, Jiang Q, Yu Y, Qu J. Efficacy comparison of 16 interventions for Myopia Control in Children: A Network Meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2016;123:697\u2013708.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"3408_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.10.035","volume":"118","author":"NS Anstice","year":"2011","unstructured":"Anstice NS, Phillips JR. Effect of dual-focus soft contact lens wear on axial myopia progression in children. Ophthalmology. 2011;118:1152\u201361.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"3408_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-303914","volume":"98","author":"CS Lam","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lam CS, Tang WC, Tse DY, Tang YY, To CH. Defocus Incorporated Soft Contact (DISC) lens slows myopia progression in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren: a 2-year randomised clinical trial. Br J Ophthalmol. 2014;98:40\u20135.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3408_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e43","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13173","volume":"95","author":"P Kang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kang P, McAlinden C, Wildsoet CF. Effects of multifocal soft contact lenses used to slow myopia progression on quality of vision in young adults. Acta Ophthalmol. 2017;95:e43\u201353.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3408_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2007.00529.x","volume":"28","author":"J Tarrant","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tarrant J, Severson H, Wildsoet CF. Accommodation in emmetropic and myopic young adults wearing bifocal soft contact lenses. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2008;28:62\u201372.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"3408_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3182812205","volume":"90","author":"PS Kollbaum","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kollbaum PS, Jansen ME, Tan J, Meyer DM, Rickert ME. Vision performance with a contact lens designed to slow myopia progression. Optom Vis Sci. 2013;90:205\u201314.","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"3408_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001078","volume":"94","author":"MA Bullimore","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bullimore MA. The safety of soft contact lenses in children. Optom Vis Sci. 2017;94:638\u201346.","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"3408_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000511","volume":"44","author":"JJ Walline","year":"2018","unstructured":"Walline JJ, Robboy MW, Hilmantel G, Tarver ME, Afshari NA, Dhaliwal DK, Morse CL, Quinn CJ, Repka MX, Eydelman MB. Food and Drug Administration, American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Academy of Optometry, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, American Optometric Association, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, and Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists Co-sponsored Workshop: Controlling the Progression of Myopia: contact lenses and Future Medical devices. Eye Contact Lens. 2018;44:205\u201311.","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"}],"container-title":["BMC Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03408-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03408-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03408-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]],"date-time":"2024-11-16T09:46:47Z","timestamp":1731750407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03408-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03408-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2415"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2415","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 November 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"For this type of study formal consent is not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"173"}}