{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T11:12:04Z","timestamp":1769253124889,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713139200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Convergence insufficiency is a common issue in the field of binocular vision. Various treatment options have been suggested for managing this condition, but their efficacy in individuals with presbyopia remains unclear. The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of home-based vision therapy and prism prescription, in presbyopic patients with convergence insufficiency.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods\/design<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>It is a randomized, prospective, double-blind clinical trial, with total of 150 participants randomly assigned to the three groups. The Control Group will receive a new near glasses as a conventional prescription, along with aimless and random eye movement exercises that do not have any convergence or accommodation effects. The Home Vision Therapy Group will receive new near glasses with accommodative and convergence eye exercises. The Prism Group will receive a near prismatic glasses prescribed using the Sheard\u2019s criterion. All treatments will be administered for a period of 2 months, and measurements of the modified convergence insufficiency symptoms survey (CISS), near point convergence, near phoria, and positive fusional vergence will be taken at baseline, one month later, and at the end of the treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We aim to identify which component - either the prism prescription or the home vision therapy - is more effective in improving binocular abilities and reducing patients\u2019 symptom scores.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link> NCT05311917 with last update on 04\/22\/2023.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03411-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T12:01:51Z","timestamp":1713182511000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Home vision therapy and prism prescription in presbyopic persons with convergence insufficiency: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Saeid","family":"Abdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haleh","family":"Kangari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Rahmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alireza Akbarzadeh","family":"Baghban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4922-2803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra Kamary","family":"Rad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3411_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-019-1061-x","volume":"19","author":"AF - Nunes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nunes AF, Monteiro PML, Ferreira FBP, Nunes AS. 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J Optometry. 2012;5(2):62\u20137.","journal-title":"J Optometry"}],"container-title":["BMC Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03411-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03411-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03411-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T12:02:52Z","timestamp":1713182572000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03411-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3411"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03411-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2415"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2415","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol has been approved by the Research Ethics Committees of Vice-Chancellor in Research Affairs - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (with approval ID: IR.SBMU.RETECH.REC.1400.610) on November 28th, 2021 and has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with number NCT05311917. The research project will adhere to the ethical guidelines for conducting medical studies that involve human subjects as outlined by the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent will be obtained from all participants in the study by S.A. To ensure the confidentiality of individuals, a unique code will be assigned to each participant, and access to the final data will be limited to the S.A. After the study, all participants will undergo re-examination, and appropriate compensation will be provided for any potential damages incurred.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent for publication will be obtained from the participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Relevant authorities will receive timely notifications regarding any significant modifications made to the protocol.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Protocol amendments"}},{"value":"Our intention is to publish multiple articles highlighting various aspects of the study. However, we do not plan to grant public access to the underlying statistical data. Our future dissemination plan is to ensure that the study results reach the relevant scientific community, policymakers, healthcare professionals, and the general public, thereby contributing to the advancement of knowledge and potential implementation of findings in practice.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Dissemination policy"}}],"article-number":"169"}}