{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T12:36:35Z","timestamp":1776688595237,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fayoum University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics and surgical outcomes of patients with Wolfring gland ductal cysts (WGDCs).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A retrospective, consecutive, interventional comparative case series was performed over a period of 7 years. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics, pathological findings and outcomes of surgically excised cysts were collected. A comparison between the transconjunctival and transcutaneous approaches was also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Forty-eight patients (48 eyelids) were included in the final analysis. The most common presenting symptom was painless eyelid swelling (81.3%). The median symptom duration was 11.5 months (IQR, 18.25). The upper eyelid was involved in 31 (64.6%) patients, 29\/31 of whom had cysts in a medial or centromedial location. Forty-five (93.8%) cysts were bluish gray and transilluminable with clear contents on lid eversion and a median largest dimension of 22\u00a0mm (IQR, 8). A transverse conjunctival fibrotic band was observed along the proximal tarsal border in the cyst area in all patients. Signs of chronic trachoma were noted in 38 (79.2%) patients. Preoperative significant ptosis was present in 28\/31 (90.3%) of the upper eyelid cysts. Thirty cysts (62.5%) were excised through the skin, and 18 cysts (37.5%) were excised transconjunctivally. Intraoperative cyst rupture, the need for conjunctival grafting and postoperative residual upper lid ptosis were significantly greater in the transconjunctival group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.016, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The present study highlights the clinicopathological characteristics of a relatively large series of surgically excised WGDCs. Transcutaneous excision of WGDCs has proven to be an effective treatment with fewer adverse sequelae than the transconjunctival approach.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03420-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T23:02:06Z","timestamp":1713222126000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of transcutaneous versus transconjunctival excision of Wolfring gland ductal cysts"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0702-7041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafa Mohamed","family":"Diab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard C.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khaled Kotb","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed T.S.","family":"Saif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"3420_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(92)31764-6","volume":"99","author":"RG Weatherhead","year":"1992","unstructured":"Weatherhead RG, Wolfring Dacryops. Ophthalmology. 1992;99(10):1575\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0161-6420(92)31764-6.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3420_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001494","volume":"36","author":"ED Feij\u00f3","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feij\u00f3 ED, Alencastro Landim G, De Melo Dias M, Alves De Souza BA, Murillo Limongi R, Matayoshi S. Giant bilateral cysts of the Accessory Lacrimal glands of Wolfring in a child. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020;36(1):e4\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001494.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"3420_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2015.394","volume":"35","author":"A Galindo-Ferreiro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Galindo-Ferreiro A, Alkatan HM, Muinos-Diaz Y, Akaishi PM, Galvez-Ruiz A, Cruz AV. Accessory lacrimal gland duct cyst: 23 years of experience in the Saudi population. Ann Saudi Med. 2015;35(5):394\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5144\/0256-4947.2015.394.","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"3420_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.79.11.1052","volume":"79","author":"HD Remulla","year":"1995","unstructured":"Remulla HD, Rubin PAD. Giant dacryops in a patient with ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. Br J Ophthalmol. 1995;79(11):1052\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.79.11.1052.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3420_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jakobiec FA, Zakka FR, Perry LP. The cytologic composition of dacryops: an immunohistochemical investigation of 15 lesions compared to the normal lacrimal gland. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013;155(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.07.028.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.07.028"},{"issue":"6","key":"3420_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3109\/01676830.2012.711889","volume":"31","author":"FF Tsai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tsai FF, Mukhopadhyay C, Zeng J, Shinder R. Bilateral marked dacryops following trauma. Orbit. 2012;31(6):435\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/01676830.2012.711889.","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"issue":"5","key":"3420_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.3109\/01676830.2012.669017","volume":"31","author":"PJ Morgan-Warren","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morgan-Warren PJ, Madge SN. Lacrimal duct cyst (dacryops) following ocular chemical injury. Orbit. 2012;31(5):335\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/01676830.2012.669017.","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"issue":"5","key":"3420_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1159\/000066185","volume":"216","author":"SM Betharia","year":"2002","unstructured":"Betharia SM, Pushker N, Sharma V, Sen S. Simple dacryops: a case series and review of the literature. Ophthalmologica. 2002;216(5):372\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000066185.","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"issue":"10","key":"3420_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(86)33566-8","volume":"93","author":"JD Bullock","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bullock JD, Fleishman JA, Rosset JS. Lacrimal ductal cysts. Ophthalmology. 1986;93(10):1355\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0161-6420(86)33566-8.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"3420_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2017.1423081","volume":"37","author":"C Ozgonul","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ozgonul C, Uysal Y, Ayyildiz O, Kucukevcilioglu M. Clinical features and management of dacryops. Orbit (London). 2018;37(4):262\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01676830.2017.1423081.","journal-title":"Orbit (London)"},{"issue":"6","key":"3420_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2021.06.014","volume":"57","author":"WK Alsarhani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alsarhani WK, Al-Sharif EM, Al-Faky YH, Alkatan HM, Maktabi AM, Alsuhaibani AH. Dacryops and clinical diagnostic challenges. Can J Ophthalmol. 2022;57(6):388\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjo.2021.06.014.","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3420_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.1997.tb00785.x","volume":"75","author":"D O\u2019Duffy","year":"1997","unstructured":"O\u2019Duffy D, Watts P. Wolfring dacryops and needling. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1997;75(3):319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0420.1997.tb00785.x.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"3420_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e31822ddda7","volume":"28","author":"A Salam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Salam A, Barrett AW, Malhotra R, Olver J. Marsupialization for lacrimal ductular cysts (Dacryops): a case series. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012;28(1):57\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IOP.0b013e31822ddda7.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"3420_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.160812","volume":"93","author":"K Nakauchi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nakauchi K, Katori N, Imagawa Y, Yamada T. A case report on lacrimal ductal cyst causing unilateral blepharoptosis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2009;93(9):1143\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.2009.160812.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3420_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.1995.9.2.117","volume":"9","author":"KI Woo","year":"1995","unstructured":"Woo KI, Kim YD. Cyst of accessory lacrimal gland. Korean J Ophthalmol. 1995;9(2):117\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3341\/kjo.1995.9.2.117.","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3420_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fung SE, Men CJ, Korn BS, Kikkawa DO, Liu CY. Wolfring dacryops: a case of acquired ptosis in a child. Plast Aesthet Res. 2020;7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20517\/2347-9264.2020.60.","DOI":"10.20517\/2347-9264.2020.60"},{"issue":"4","key":"3420_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2012.02403.x","volume":"91","author":"SL Von Holstein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Von Holstein SL, Therkildsen MH, Prause JU, Stenman G, Siersma VD, Heegaard S. Lacrimal gland lesions in Denmark between 1974 and 2007. Acta Ophthalmol. 2013;91(4):349\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2012.02403.x.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3420_CR18","unstructured":"Lam K, Brownstein S, Jordan DR, Jastrzebski A. Dacryops A Series of 5 Cases and a Proposed Pathogenesis. http:\/\/archopht.jamanetwork.com\/."},{"issue":"2","key":"3420_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2019.1608564","volume":"39","author":"S Tanaboonyawat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tanaboonyawat S, Idowu OO, Copperman TS, Vagefi MR, Kersten RC. Dacryops\u2013A review. Orbit (London). 2020;39(2):128\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01676830.2019.1608564.","journal-title":"Orbit (London)"},{"issue":"4","key":"3420_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(89)32873-9","volume":"96","author":"CL Shields","year":"1989","unstructured":"Shields CL, Shields JA, Eagle RC, Rathmell JP. Clinicopathologic review of 142 cases of lacrimal gland lesions. Ophthalmology. 1989;96(4):431\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0161-6420(89)32873-9.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3420_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2414","volume":"50","author":"MA Wolle","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wolle MA, Mu\u00f1oz B, Mkocha H, West SK. Age, sex, and cohort effects in a longitudinal study of trachomatous scarring. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50(2):592\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.08-2414.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"3420_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2019.1704796","volume":"39","author":"HM Alsulaiman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alsulaiman HM, Fatani DR, Al Sheikh O, et al. Krause\u2019s accessory lacrimal gland dacryops - case report and literature review. Orbit. 2020;39(6):441\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01676830.2019.1704796.","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"issue":"2","key":"3420_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjopt.2014.06.009","volume":"29","author":"S Thatte","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thatte S, Jain J, Kinger M, Palod S, Wadhva J, Vishnoi A. Clinical study of histologically proven conjunctival cysts. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2015;29(2):109\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjopt.2014.06.009.","journal-title":"Saudi J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3420_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2019.01.010","volume":"14","author":"GZ El-Abedin Rajab","year":"2019","unstructured":"El-Abedin Rajab GZ, Demer JL. Long-term results of surgical excision of conjunctival retention cyst using trypan blue with methylcellulose. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2019;14:28\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajoc.2019.01.010.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep"}],"container-title":["BMC Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03420-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03420-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03420-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T11:06:27Z","timestamp":1713956787000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03420-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3420"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03420-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2415"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2415","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Fayoum University Faculty of Medicine Institutional Review Board (IRB) prior to data collection. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants and for patients less than 16 yrs. old, informed consent was obtained from a parent and\/or legal guardian.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from patients or their legal guardians whose photographs were considered for publication including an online open-access publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"164"}}