{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T05:53:56Z","timestamp":1784440436191,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) still represents a diagnostic challenge for retinal specialists. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical for a better prognosis. Several diagnostic tools have proven helpful in the identification of VRL abnormalities. However, swept-source OCT angiography (SS-OCT-A) findings and their long-term follow-up are yet to be explored.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>a 42-year-old man presented with blurred vision in his left eye for 2 weeks. He denied any systemic symptoms. A multimodal imaging examination was performed, raising the clinical suspicion of VRL and guiding the ensuing diagnostic procedures. The patient underwent treatment and at the last FU visit three years later, no disease signs were present on fundus examination, nor on oncologic evaluation. Some novel SS-OCT-A features were identified, and uncommonly reported findings were examined over a long-term follow-up. At baseline multiple hyperreflective alterations were detected on the enface outer retina slabs and choriocapillary analysis revealed low reflectance areas in the foveal and parafoveal areas. One month after the first presentation, multiple hyperreflective retinal lesions in a vertical shape were detected on OCT which appeared on midretinal slabs of enface SS-OCT-A as hyperreflective spots mainly located near second-order retinal vessels. These alterations remarkably reduced after treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>SS-OCT-A may be a useful imaging technique in the detection of VRL, providing ophthalmologists additional findings that assist the diagnosis and follow-up of this disease. This may prove useful for a more timely and precise diagnosis, prompt therapy, and treatment response monitoring. The original aspects found in this case may provide grounds for future studies, ultimately fostering a better understanding of the disease.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03438-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T11:01:37Z","timestamp":1714042897000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography findings in a case of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma over a three-year follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Emilia","family":"Maggio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Bauci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Polito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Arena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grazia","family":"Pertile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"3438_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S159014","volume":"13","author":"R Venkatesh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Venkatesh R, Bavaharan B, Mahendradas P, Yadav NK. Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma: prevalence, impact, and management challenges. Clin Ophthalmol. 2019;13:353\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OPTH.S159014.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3438_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aziz HA, Peereboom DM, Singh AD. Primary central nervous system lymphoma. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2015 Winter;55(1):111\u201321.","DOI":"10.1097\/IIO.0000000000000055"},{"key":"3438_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalogeropoulos D, Vartholomatos G, Mitra A, Elaraoud I, Ch\u2019ng SW, Zikou A, Papoudou-Bai A, Moschos MM, Kanavaros P, Kalogeropoulos C. Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2019 Jan-Mar;33(1):66\u201380.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjopt.2018.12.008"},{"key":"3438_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan CC, Rubenstein JL, Coupland SE et al. Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma: a report from an International Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Collaborative Group symposium. 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A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All the authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"194"}}