{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T10:57:43Z","timestamp":1740135463847,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Ophthalmology Foundation"},{"name":"NIH K08","award":["EY030164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY030164"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The long-term visual outcomes in spasmus nutans patients is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to characterize visual outcomes and identify comorbid ophthalmic conditions in patients with spasmus nutans.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed the charts of consecutive patients diagnosed with spasmus nutans between 2000 and 2020. Demographic information, ophthalmic characteristics, and neuroimaging results were assessed over time.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Of the 32 patients included in the study, 13 (41%) were female. Underlying medical conditions included a diagnosis of Trisomy 21 in 6 (19%) and prematurity in 8 (25%). Twenty-one patients (66%) self-reported as a race other than Caucasian. 18 patients (56%) had non-private health insurance and\u00a01  (3%) was uninsured. Mean age at diagnosis and resolution were 16 months (range 45 months) and 48 months (range 114 months), respectively. All 32 patients had nystagmus, 31 (97%) had head nodding and 16 (50%) had ocular torticollis. Mean follow-up was 66 months (range 185 months). On initial presentation, 6\/32 (19%) had an amblyogenic refractive error and mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the better-seeing eye was 0.78 Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (LogMAR) (range 1.24). In a sub-analysis that included patients with &gt;\u20091 exam (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200923), 17\/20 (85%) had an amblyogenic refractive error and mean BCVA in the better-seeing eye was 0.48 LogMAR (range 1.70). At the final exam, 12 patients had measurable stereopsis, eight had strabismus, and three had undergone strabismus surgery. Eight patients required treatment for amblyopia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We found a high prevalence of amblyogenic refractive error, strabismus and amblyopia among patients with spasmus nutans. Children with spasmus nutans benefit from ongoing ophthalmic follow-up until they are past the amblyopic age range, even after resolution of nystagmus.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03494-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T13:04:15Z","timestamp":1718197455000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-term visual outcomes in spasmus nutans"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Lauren","family":"Hennein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gena","family":"Heidary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric D.","family":"Gaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Gise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3494_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(70)80321-3","volume":"77","author":"P Jayalakshmi","year":"1970","unstructured":"Jayalakshmi P, Scott TF, Tucker SH, Schaffer DB. Infantile nystagmus: a prospective study of spasmus nutans, and congenital nystagmus, and unclassified nystagmus of infancy. J Pediatr. 1970;77(2):177\u201387.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"3494_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1987.01060040095041","volume":"105","author":"BM Weissman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Weissman BM, Dell\u2019Osso LF, Abel LA, Leigh RJ. Spasmus nutans. A quantitative prospective study. Arch Ophthalmol Chic Ill 1960. 1987;105(4):525\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol Chic Ill 1960"},{"issue":"13","key":"3494_CR3","first-page":"2768","volume":"36","author":"I Gottlob","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gottlob I, Wizov SS, Reinecke RD. Spasmus nutans. A long-term follow-up. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995;36(13):2768\u201371.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3494_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30353-4","volume":"104","author":"TL Young","year":"1997","unstructured":"Young TL, Weis JR, Summers CG, Egbert JE. The association of strabismus, amblyopia, and refractive errors in spasmus nutans. Ophthalmology. 1997;104(1):112\u20137.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3494_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)01363-0","volume":"133","author":"SS Wizow","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wizow SS, Reinecke RD, Bocarnea M, Gottlob I. A comparative demographicand socioeconomic study of spasmus nutansand infantile nystagmus. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;133(2):256\u201362.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3494_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/2576117X.2018.1527639","volume":"68","author":"RN Parikh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Parikh RN, Simon JW, Zobal-Ratner JL, Barry GP. Long-term follow-up of Spasmus Nutans. J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil. 2018;68(4):137\u20139.","journal-title":"J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil"},{"key":"3494_CR7","unstructured":"American Academy of Ophthalmology Pediatric Ophthalmology\/Strabismus Panel. Preferred Practice Pattern\u00ae Guidelines. Pediatric Eye evaluations I. Screening II. Comprehensive Ophthalmic Evaluation. Published online 2017."}],"container-title":["BMC Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03494-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03494-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03494-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T13:05:53Z","timestamp":1718197553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03494-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3494"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03494-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2415"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1471-2415"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 May 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, complied with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, and followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"253"}}