{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T20:07:14Z","timestamp":1760386034310},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To investigate the safety and efficacy of a new micro-controlled radiofrequency device for treatment of conjunctivochalasis (Cch).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Data of 127 patients (230 eyes) who underwent ophthalmic radiofrequency treatment for Cch from January 2020 to June 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. Cch coagulation was performed with a radiofrequency electrode tip (OcuRF\u00ae, Ilooda, Korea) and a high-frequency radio-wave electric unit (0.6\u2009~\u20090.8 watts, 2\u00a0MHz, Acutron\u2122, Ilooda, Korea). Pre- and postoperative Cch grading, slit-lamp photography, tear film break-up time (TBUT), and bulbar conjunctival hyperemia using Keratograph 5\u00a0M (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) were evaluated. Cch grade 0 or 1 after surgery was regarded as \u2018success\u2019. Complications, recurrence, and additional treatment rates were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In 227 (98.7%) eyes, the radiofrequency treatment led to marked improvement of Cch, with 224 (97.4%) eyes achieving grade 0 or 1 at 2 months postoperatively. Eight eyes (3.5%) received additional treatment. TBUT improved from 3.17\u2009\u00b1\u20090.82\u00a0s to 5.28\u2009\u00b1\u20091.10\u00a0s after surgery (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The total bulbar conjunctival hyperemia value showed an improvement from 1.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6 to 1.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6 postoperatively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). No serious complications were observed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The novel ophthalmic radiofrequency device led to a marked improvement of Cch with no serious adverse events during the entire follow-up period. Our results suggest that the radiofrequency device presents a safe and efficacious treatment option for Cch.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03499-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T09:02:32Z","timestamp":1721638952000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Clinical outcomes of conjunctivochalasis treatment with a new ophthalmic radiofrequency device"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Bokyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongwoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyeck-Soo","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chul Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"3499_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2017.10.010","volume":"63","author":"A Marmalidou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marmalidou A, Kheirkhah A, Dana R. Conjunctivochalasis: a systematic review. Surv Ophthalmol. 2018;63:554\u201364.","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3499_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.07.010","volume":"147","author":"T Mimura","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mimura T, Yamagami S, Usui T, et al. Changes of conjunctivochalasis with age in a hospital-based study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009;147:171\u20137. e171.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3499_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200404000-00013","volume":"23","author":"A Watanabe","year":"2004","unstructured":"Watanabe A, Yokoi N, Kinoshita S, Hino Y, Tsuchihashi Y. Clinicopathologic study of conjunctivochalasis. Cornea. 2004;23:294\u20138.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"3499_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.01.025","volume":"125","author":"CHV Vu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vu CHV, Kawashima M, Yamada M, et al. Influence of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Friction-Related Disease on the severity of Dry Eye. Ophthalmology. 2018;125:1181\u20138.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"3499_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(98)00037-X","volume":"43","author":"D Meller","year":"1998","unstructured":"Meller D, Tseng SC. Conjunctivochalasis: literature review and possible pathophysiology. Surv Ophthalmol. 1998;43:225\u201332.","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3499_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-198601040-00005","volume":"2","author":"D Liu","year":"1986","unstructured":"Liu D, Conjunctivochalasis. A cause of tearing and its management. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 1986;2:25\u20138.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"3499_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000178740.14212.1a","volume":"24","author":"N Yokoi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yokoi N, Komuro A, Nishii M, et al. Clinical impact of conjunctivochalasis on the ocular surface. Cornea. 2005;24:S24\u201331.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"3499_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2867","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-16337","volume":"56","author":"P Chhadva","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chhadva P, Alexander A, McClellan AL, McManus KT, Seiden B, Galor A. The impact of conjunctivochalasis on dry eye symptoms and signs. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56:2867\u201371.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"3499_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.025460","volume":"88","author":"MA Di Pascuale","year":"2004","unstructured":"Di Pascuale MA, Espana EM, Kawakita T, Tseng SC. Clinical characteristics of conjunctivochalasis with or without aqueous tear deficiency. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004;88:388\u201392.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3499_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.04.008","volume":"17","author":"A Marmalidou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marmalidou A, Palioura S, Dana R, Kheirkhah A. Medical and surgical management of conjunctivochalasis. Ocul Surf. 2019;17:393\u20139.","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"3499_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.02.023","volume":"117","author":"DJ Youm","year":"2010","unstructured":"Youm DJ, Kim JM, Choi CY. Simple surgical approach with high-frequency radio-wave electrosurgery for conjunctivochalasis. Ophthalmology. 2010;117:2129\u201333.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"3499_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trivli A, Dalianis G, Terzidou C. A Quick Surgical Treatment of Conjunctivochalasis Using Radiofrequencies. Healthcare (Basel). 2018;6.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare6010014"},{"key":"3499_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82088-5","volume":"11","author":"YW Ji","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ji YW, Seong H, Lee S, et al. The correction of conjunctivochalasis using high-frequency radiowave electrosurgery improves dry eye disease. Sci Rep. 2021;11:2551.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3499_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-023-02798-4","volume":"23","author":"JW Park","year":"2023","unstructured":"Park JW, Han J, Choi WK, Kim J, Choi CY. Simple surgical punctal occlusion with high frequency radiowave electrosurgery. BMC Ophthalmol. 2023;23:49.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3499_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S61851","volume":"8","author":"O Balci","year":"2014","unstructured":"Balci O. Clinical characteristics of patients with conjunctivochalasis. Clin Ophthalmol. 2014;8:1655\u201360.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3499_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(42)93297-5","volume":"25","author":"WL Hughes","year":"1942","unstructured":"Hughes WL, Conjunctivochalasis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1942;25:48\u201351.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3499_CR17","first-page":"2922","volume":"41","author":"D Meller","year":"2000","unstructured":"Meller D, Li DQ, Tseng SC. Regulation of collagenase, stromelysin, and gelatinase B in human conjunctival and conjunctivochalasis fibroblasts by interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:2922\u20139.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"3499_CR18","first-page":"404","volume":"41","author":"DQ Li","year":"2000","unstructured":"Li DQ, Meller D, Liu Y, Tseng SC. Overexpression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 by cultured conjunctivochalasis fibroblasts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:404\u201310.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"3499_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.9738\/CC59.1","volume":"97","author":"XR Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang XR, Zhang ZY, Hoffman MR. Electrocoagulative surgical procedure for treatment of conjunctivochalasis. Int Surg. 2012;97:90\u20133.","journal-title":"Int Surg"},{"key":"3499_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0717-8_182","volume":"506","author":"N Yokoi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yokoi N, Komuro A, Sugita J, Nakamura Y, Kinoshita S. Surgical reconstruction of the tear meniscus at the lower lid margin for treatment of conjunctivochalasis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2002;506:1263\u20138.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"3499_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ucar F. Alternative Approach for the Treatment of Conjunctivochalasis: Plasma-Based Conjunctivoplasty. Cornea. 2023.","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000003276"},{"key":"3499_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-962928","volume":"224","author":"IO Haefliger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Haefliger IO, Vysniauskiene I, Figueiredo AR, Piffaretti JM. Superficial conjunctiva cauterization to reduce moderate conjunctivochalasis. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2007;224:237\u20139.","journal-title":"Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"},{"key":"3499_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1991.tb04044.x","volume":"14","author":"SK Huang","year":"1991","unstructured":"Huang SK. Advances in applications of radiofrequency current to catheter ablation therapy. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1991;14:28\u201342.","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"3499_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E930","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318188896b","volume":"85","author":"M Berry","year":"2008","unstructured":"Berry M, Pult H, Purslow C, Murphy PJ. Mucins and ocular signs in symptomatic and asymptomatic contact lens wear. Optom Vis Sci. 2008;85:E930\u2013938.","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"3499_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-198","volume":"11","author":"X Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang X, Li Q, Zou H, et al. Assessing the severity of conjunctivochalasis in a senile population: a community-based epidemiology study in Shanghai, China. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:198.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"3499_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.07.014","volume":"155","author":"K Gumus","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gumus K, Pflugfelder SC. Increasing prevalence and severity of conjunctivochalasis with aging detected by anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013;155:238\u201342. e232.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["BMC Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03499-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03499-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03499-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T09:06:47Z","timestamp":1721639207000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03499-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3499"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03499-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2415"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2415","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by Institutional Review Board and Ethics Committee of Kangbuk Samsung Hospital in Seoul, South Korea (IRB No. 2023-06-046-002) and followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"302"}}