{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T10:46:11Z","timestamp":1774003571524,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Glaucoma treatment often involves multi-drug regimens, which can lead to poor adherence and side effects. Fixed-dose combinations aim to improve adherence and reduce side effects compared to traditional therapies. This study aimed to compare the prevalence and clinical characteristics of ocular allergy in glaucoma patients using brinzolamide 1.0%\/brimonidine 0.2% fixed combination (BBFC), with and without concurrent \u03b2-blocker.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Of these, 176 patients used a \u03b2-blocker concurrently, whereas 96 patients did not. Allergy prevalence, allergy type, and allergy occurrence time were compared between the concurrent and non-concurrent \u03b2-blocker-usage groups. Ocular allergies were classified and evaluated using Kaplan\u2013Meier survival analysis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Allergy prevalence was 10.23% and 15.63% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.193), whereas allergy occurrence time was 15.92\u2009\u00b1\u200913.80 months and 6.26\u2009\u00b1\u20096.20 months (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04) in the concurrent and non-concurrent \u03b2-blocker-usage groups, respectively. Kaplan\u2013Meier survival analysis indicated that half of the allergies in the concurrent \u03b2-blocker-usage group occurred within 12.5 months, with the BBFC discontinuation rate gradually increasing up to 36 months. Contrarily, half of the allergies in the non-concurrent \u03b2-blocker-usage group occurred within 3.3 months, with a rapid increase in BBFC discontinuation rate the first 6 months. Intergroup differences in allergy types were significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015). Among all patients with allergy, the average allergy occurrence time of blepharoconjunctivitis, papillary conjunctivitis, and follicular conjunctivitis was 12.52, 9.53, and 13.23 months, respectively. Follicular conjunctivitis tended to occur later than papillary conjunctivitis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.042). In the concurrent \u03b2-blocker-usage group, follicular conjunctivitis was the most prevalent allergy type (61.1%), whereas papillary conjunctivitis was the most common (66.7%) in in the non-concurrent \u03b2-blocker-usage group.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Concurrent use of \u03b2-blocker with BBFC decreases allergy prevalence, delays allergy onset, and predominantly results in follicular conjunctivitis, thereby facilitating longer treatment duration. Understanding these characteristics of allergy in BBFC users is useful to manage patients and improve treatment adherence. This study provides insights into the role of \u03b2-blockers in modulating ocular allergy in BBFC-treated glaucoma patients, highlighting implications for clinical practice and patient education.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03550-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T11:03:07Z","timestamp":1720695787000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of allergy prevalence using brinzolamide 1.0% \/ brimonidine 0.2% fixed combination with and without \u03b2-blocker in glaucoma patients: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"In Ki","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seon Ha","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Hoon","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyoung Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kayoung","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeoun Sook","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"3550_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2011.11.002","volume":"31","author":"M Almasieh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Almasieh M, Wilson AM, Morquette B, Cueva Vargas JL, Di Polo A. 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The IRBs of both institutions, i.e., Chung-Ang University Hospital 2002-008-19302, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital 2021-01-0142201-004-19400, waived the requirement of patients\u2019 consents, due to the retrospective nature of the study including past medical records.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"281"}}