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Study participants were referred to the hospital laboratory to test their blood group. Ocular examinations were performed including measurement of visual acuity, auto-refraction, subjective refraction, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Retinal imaging was carried out using Spectral-domain OCT under dilated papillary conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three hundred and twenty-eight individuals were recruited in this study. Of these, 219 (60.7%) were female and the mean age of the participants was 63.29\u2009\u00b1\u20095.57 years (range: 56 to 83 years). According to the multiple linear regression model, the global peripapillary RNFL thickness [coefficient: -3.05 (95% CI: -5.30 to -0.74);<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.010] and peripapillary RNFL thickness in the superior [coefficient: -4.65 (95% CI: -8.40 to -0.89),<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001] and inferior [coefficient: -4.00 (95% CI: -7.81 to -0.19);<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.040] quadrants were significantly thinner in individuals with blood type B compared to those with other ABO blood groups. The average [coefficient: 12.69 (95% CI: 4.12\u201321.64);<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004) and central [coefficient: 16.21 (95%: 6.44\u201325.97);<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) macular thicknesses were significantly thicker in AB group compared to other blood groups. The average macular thickness was significantly thinner in Rh\u2009+\u2009compared to the Rh- group [coefficient: -8.33 (95% CI: -15.4 to -1.25);<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.021].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retinal structural indices may be related to blood groups implying a genetic linkage. Considering the lack of consistency among various studies, larger trials are needed to explore the effect of ABO and Rh grouping on peripapillary RNFL and macular thicknesses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03577-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T07:06:22Z","timestamp":1721804782000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Analysis of macular thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in various ABO and Rh blood groups"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Effat","family":"Shanbezadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behnoosh","family":"Vasaghi-Gharamaleki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Payam","family":"Nabovati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leili","family":"Koochakzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Khabazkhoob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"3577_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2000.tb00045.x","volume":"78","author":"F Yamamoto","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yamamoto F. 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