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By using Luminex xMAP\u00ae multiplex assays analyses, we assessed levels of 11 cytokines and chemokines, and compared them across groups, including uveitis-secondary glaucoma (USG) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916), uveitis without glaucoma (UwoG), (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916), POAG (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916), and ARC (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916) to explore the correlation between these cytokines and the presence of uveitis, as well as intraocular pressure (IOP). Pro-inflammatory factors MCP-1, MIP-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-8, and transforming growth factors TGF-\u03b21 and TGF-\u03b22 were significantly elevated in the AH of USG eyes. In the case of enhanced anti-inflammatory in the perioperative period, the pro-inflammatory factors remained notably elevated in the USG group compared to the UwoG group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). The levels of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 in the AH of the USG group and POAG group had the same trend, which markedly surpassed those of the ARC group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Significantly increased levels of MCP-1, MIP-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-8, TGF-\u03b21, and TGF-\u03b22 were found in the AH of USG patients, implying a potential role for these mediators in the progression of glaucomatous manifestations within patients with uveitis. Besides the analysis revealed no discernible statistical disparity in cytokine concentrations within the AH of USG eyes whether the preoperative baseline IOP was greater than 30\u00a0mmHg or not, indicating that the safety of antiglaucoma surgery in USG patients even with baseline high IOP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03691-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T10:02:26Z","timestamp":1728986546000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Multiple cytokine analysis of aqueous humor in uveitis with or without secondary glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Junyan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gangwei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meifen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"3691_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2011.0042","volume":"31","author":"R Horai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Horai R, Caspi RR. 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