{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:31:09Z","timestamp":1789659069776,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727913600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists (\u03b11-ARAs) are frequently used in treatment of Hypertension and symptomatic benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). Numerous studies have demonstrated the association between \u03b11-ARAs like Tamsulosin and increased surgical risks for patients undergoing cataract surgery. This study aims to identify and study the effects of \u03b11-ARAs on iris parameters and the subsequent operative challenges encountered during cataract surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional, prospective study involving 30 patients on \u03b11-ARAs planned for cataract surgery and equal number of age and sex matched controls were subjected to evaluation of changes on iris parameters and subsequent challenges in cataract surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study group had statistically significant lesser pupil diameter. Iris thickness at sphincter muscle region (SMR) was similar between groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.53). Significantly lower values of iris thickness at dilator muscle region (DMR) found in treated subjects (P\u2009=\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). There was statistically significant difference between DMR\/SMR ratio of two groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed longer duration of \u03b11-ARAs treatment correlated with reduced DMR\/SMR ratio (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001;\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.47).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\u03b11-ARAs have implications for pupil size regulation and surgical procedures involving the eye. Tamsulosin is more potent than alfuzosin in inducing IFIS. Systemic \u03b11-ARAs lower values of DMR thickness, DMR\/SMR ratio and reduces pupillary diameter. Therefore, ophthalmologists, primary care physicians, urologists, and patients should be aware of the potential difficulties that these drugs pose for cataract surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03705-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T10:02:07Z","timestamp":1727949727000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Alpha-adrenergic antagonists and iris dynamics: Challenges and solutions in cataract surgery"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6058-4875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaya","family":"Kaushik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3932-7337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rishi","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8678-0680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumit","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7708-8214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meenu","family":"Dangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6803-6427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rakesh Kumar","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8136-6375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ankita","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"3705_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.901","volume":"4","author":"JC Nickel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nickel JC, M\u00e9ndez-Probst CE, Whelan TF, Paterson RF, Razvi H. 2010 update: guidelines for the management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. 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