{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T20:02:12Z","timestamp":1760385732693,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1676-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T06:03:34Z","timestamp":1567749814000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Optimizing gentamicin conventional and extended interval dosing in neonates using Monte Carlo simulation \u2013 a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Monique","family":"Bergenwall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5908-446X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra A. N.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Elligsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dolores C.","family":"Iaboni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Findlater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Winnie","family":"Seto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1676_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e111","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.1.e111","volume":"114","author":"DG Contopoulos-Ioannidis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Contopoulos-Ioannidis DG, Giotis ND, Baliatsa DV, Ioannidis JP. Extended -interval aminoglycoside administration for children: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2004;114(1):e111\u20138. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.114.1.e111\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"issue":"2","key":"1676_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2165\/0003088-200948020-00001","volume":"48","author":"DJ Touw","year":"2009","unstructured":"Touw DJ, Westerman EM, Sprij AJ. Therapeutic drug monitoring of aminoglycosides in neonates. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2009;48(2):71\u201388. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/0003088-200948020-00001\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1676_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/155.1.93","volume":"155","author":"RD Moore","year":"1987","unstructured":"Moore RD, Lietman PS, Smith CR. Clinical response to aminoglycoside therapy: importance of the ratio of peak concentration to minimal inhibitory concentration. J Infect Dis. 1987;155(1):93\u20139. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/155.1.93\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"1676_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/29.4.427","volume":"29","author":"EJ Begg","year":"1992","unstructured":"Begg EJ, Peddie BA, Chambers ST, Boswell DR. Comparison of gentamicin dosing regimens using an in-vitro model. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1992;29(4):427\u201333. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/29.4.427\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"1676_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.3.650","volume":"39","author":"DP Nicolau","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nicolau DP, Freeman CD, Belliveau PP, Nightingale CH, Ross JW, Quintiliani R. Experience with a once-daily aminoglycoside program administered to 2,184 adult patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995;39(3):650\u20135. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.39.3.650\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"12","key":"1676_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200112000-00016","volume":"20","author":"D Miron","year":"2001","unstructured":"Miron D. Once daily dosing of gentamicin in infants and children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001;20(12):1169\u201373.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"1676_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/24.5.786","volume":"24","author":"TC Bailey","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bailey TC, Little JR, Littenberg B, Reichley RM, Claiborne DW. A meta-analysis of extended-interval dosing versus multiple daily dosing of aminoglycosides. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;24:786\u201395. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clinids\/24.5.786\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1676_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/24.5.796","volume":"24","author":"MZ Ali","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ali MZ, Goetz MB. A meta-analysis of the relative efficacy and toxicity of single daily dosing versus multiple daily dosing of aminoglycosides. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;24:796\u2013809. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clinids\/24.5.796\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1676_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/37.4.645","volume":"37","author":"WJ Munckhof","year":"1996","unstructured":"Munckhof WJ, Grayson ML, Turnidge JD. A meta-analysis of studies on the safety and efficacy of aminoglycosides given either once daily or as divided doses. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1996;37:645\u201363. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/37.4.645\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"1676_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7027.338","volume":"312","author":"M Barza","year":"1996","unstructured":"Barza M, Ioannidis JP, Cappelleri JC, Lau J. Single or multiple daily doses of aminoglycosides: a meta-analysis. BMJ. 1996;312:338\u201345. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.312.7027.338\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"1676_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F294","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.056317","volume":"90","author":"E Nestaas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nestaas E, Bangstad HJ, Sandvik L, Wathne KO. Aminoglycoside extended interval dosing in neonates is safe and effective: a meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2005;90(4):F294\u2013300. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.2004.056317\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"1676_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD005091","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005091.pub4","volume":"12","author":"SC Rao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rao SC, Srinivasjois R, Moon K. One dose per day compared to multiple doses per day of gentamicin for treatment of suspected or proven sepsis in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;12:CD005091. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD005091.pub4\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1676_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199501000-00018","volume":"14","author":"H Skopnik","year":"1995","unstructured":"Skopnik H, Heimann G. Once daily aminoglycoside dosing in full term neonates. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1995;14(1):71\u20132.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1676_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(97)70127-6","volume":"131","author":"KC Hayani","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hayani KC, Hatzopoulos FK, Frank AL, Thummala MR, Hantsch MJ, Schatz BM, John EG, Vidyasagar D. Pharmacokinetics of once-daily dosing of gentamicin in neonates. J Pediatr. 1997;131(1):76\u201380. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-3476(97)70127-6\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"1676_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.23.5.585.32196","volume":"23","author":"R DiCenzo","year":"2003","unstructured":"DiCenzo R, Forrest A, Slish JC, Cole C, Guillet R. A gentamicin pharmacokinetic population model and once-daily dosing algorithm for neonates. Pharmacotherapy. 2003;23(5):585\u201391. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1592\/phco.23.5.585.32196\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy."},{"issue":"4","key":"1676_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.060","volume":"153","author":"ES Thingvoll","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thingvoll ES, Guillet R, Caserta M, Dicenzo R. Observational trial of a 48-hour gentamicin dosing regimen derived from Monte Carlo simulations in infants born at less than 28 weeks' gestation. J Pediatr. 2008;153(4):530\u20134. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.060\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"1676_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.6.1228","volume":"103","author":"FS Lundergan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lundergan FS, Glasscock GF, Kim EH, Cohen RS. Once-daily gentamicin dosing in newborn infants. Pediatrics. 1999;103(6):1228\u201334.","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"issue":"6","key":"1676_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/48.6.887","volume":"48","author":"MD Stickland","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stickland MD, Kirkpatrick CM, Begg EJ, Duffull SB, Oddie SJ, Darlow BA. An extended interval dosing method for gentamicin in neonates. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2001;48(6):887\u201393. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/48.6.887\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"1676_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh261","volume":"54","author":"JM Lanao","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lanao JM, Calvo MV, Mesa JA, Martin-Suarez A, Carbajosa MT, Miguelez F, Dominguez-Gil A. Pharmacokinetic basis for the use of extended interval dosage regimens of gentamicin in neonates. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004;54(1):193\u20138. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkh261\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"1676_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl244","volume":"58","author":"B Garc\u00eda","year":"2006","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda B, Barcia E, P\u00e9rez F, Molina IT. Population pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in premature newborns. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006;58(2):372\u20139. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkl244\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"5","key":"1676_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-199910000-00004","volume":"21","author":"ML Vervelde","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vervelde ML, Rademaker CM, Krediet TG, Fleer A, van Asten P, van Dijk A. Population pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in preterm neonates: evaluation of a once-daily dosage regimen. Ther Drug Monit. 1999;21(5):514\u20139.","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"issue":"5","key":"1676_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp073","volume":"63","author":"EJ Begg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Begg EJ, Vella-Brincat JW, Robertshawe B, McMurtrie MJ, Kirkpatrick CM, Darlow B. Eight years' experience of an extended-interval dosing protocol for gentamicin in neonates. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009;63(5):1043\u20139. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkp073\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"8","key":"1676_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7210996","volume":"23","author":"A Hansen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hansen A, Forbes P, Arnold A, O'Rourke E. Once-daily gentamicin dosing for the preterm and the term newborn: proposal for a simple regimen that achieves target levels. J Perinatol. 2003;23(8):635\u20139. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.jp.7210996\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1676_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.29.11.1297","volume":"29","author":"DS Hoff","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hoff DS, Wilcox RA, Tollefson LM, Lipnik PG, Commers AR, Liu M. Pharmacokinetic outcomes of a simplified, weight-based, extended interval gentamicin dosing protocol in critically ill neonates. Pharmacotherapy. 2009;29(11):1297\u2013305. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1592\/phco.29.11.1297\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy."},{"issue":"7","key":"1676_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv052","volume":"70","author":"PAJ Valitalo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Valitalo PAJ, van den Anker JN, Allegaert K, de Cock RFW, de Hoog M, Simons SHP, Mouton JW, Knibbe CAJ. Novel model-based dosing guidelines for gentamicin and tobramycin in preterm and term neonates. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015;70(7):2074\u20137. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkv052\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"1676_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2012.02820.x","volume":"101","author":"B Alshaikh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alshaikh B, Dersch-Mills D, Taylor R, Akierman AR, Yusuf K. Extended interval dosing of gentamicin in premature neonates \u2264 28-week gestation. Acta Paediatr. 2012;101:1134\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"1676_CR27","unstructured":"Shah P, Lee S, Yoon E, Param Y, Members of the Annual Report Review Committee. Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN). The Canadian Neonatal Network Annual Report 2012. Available at: \n                    http:\/\/www.canadianneonatalnetwork.org\/Portal\n                    \n                  . Accessed 25 May 2018."},{"issue":"4","key":"1676_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200948040-00003","volume":"48","author":"EI Nielsen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nielsen EI, Sandstr\u00f6m M, Honor\u00e9 PH, Ewald U, Friberg LE. Developmental pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in preterm and term neonates: population modelling of a prospective study. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2009;48(4):253\u201363. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00003088-200948040-00003\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"5","key":"1676_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12444","volume":"78","author":"A Fuchs","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fuchs A, Guidi M, Giannoni E, Werner D, Buclin T, Widmer N, Csajka C. Population pharmacokinetic study of gentamicin in a large cohort of premature and term neonates. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2014;78(5):1090\u2013101. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcp.12444\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1676_CR30","unstructured":"Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre. About Sunnybrook - Facts and Figures. Available at: \n                    https:\/\/sunnybrook.ca\/content\/?page=statistics\n                    \n                  . Accessed 16 May 2018."},{"issue":"1","key":"1676_CR31","first-page":"31","volume":"65","author":"M Elligsen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Elligsen M, Walker SAN, Simor A, Daneman N. Prospective audit and feedback of antimicrobial stewardship in critical care: program implementation, experience, and challenges. Can J Hosp Pharm. 2012;65(1):31\u20136.","journal-title":"Can J Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"1676_CR32","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 25th informational supplement. CLSI document M100-S25","author":"CLSI","year":"2015","unstructured":"CLSI. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 25th informational supplement. CLSI document M100-S25. Wayne: Clinical and laboratory Standards Institute; 2015."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1676_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i31","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt024","volume":"68","author":"HJ Adam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Adam HJ, Baxter MR, Davidson RJ, Rubinstein E, Fanella S, Karlowsky JA, Lagace-Wiens PRS, Hoban DJ, Zhanel GG. Comparison of pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in pediatric, adult and elderly patients in Canadian hospitals. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013;68(Suppl 1):i31\u20137. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkt024\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"1676_CR34","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, tenth revision, 2nd ed. World Health Organization; 2004."},{"key":"1676_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-198814040-00001","volume":"14","author":"JB Besunder","year":"1988","unstructured":"Besunder JB, Reed MD, Blumer JL. Principles of drug biodisposition in the neonate. A critical evaluation of the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic interface (part I). Clin Pharmacokinet. 1988;14:189\u2013216. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00003088-198814040-00001\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"2","key":"1676_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00451.x","volume":"68","author":"IM Schmidt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schmidt IM, Chellakooty M, Boisen KA, Damgaard IN, Mau Kai C, Olgaard K, Main KM. Impaired kidney growth in low-birth-weight children: distinct effects of maturity and weight for gestational age. Kidney Int. 2005;68(2):731\u201340. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00451.x\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"1676_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-198814040-00001","volume":"14","author":"JB Besunder","year":"1988","unstructured":"Besunder JB, Reed MD, Blumer JL. Principles of drug biodisposition in the neonate. A critical evaluation of the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic interface (part II). Clin Pharmacokinet. 1988;14:261\u201386. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00003088-198814040-00001\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"4","key":"1676_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012657","volume":"347","author":"BJ Stoll","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stoll BJ, Hansen N, Fanaroff AA, Wright LL, Carlo WA, Ehrenkranz RA, Lemons JA, Donovan EF, Stark AR, Tyson JE, Oh W, Bauer CR, Korones SB, Shankaran S, Laptook AR, Stevenson DK, Papile L, Poole WK. Changes in pathogens causing early-onset sepsis in very-low-birth-weight infants. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(4):240\u20137. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa012657\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12887-019-1676-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12887-019-1676-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12887-019-1676-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T23:05:24Z","timestamp":1599260724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12887-019-1676-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1676"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12887-019-1676-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2431"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1471-2431"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 April 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 September 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (SHSC) Research Ethics Board on February 3, 2014 (Project Identification Number 038\u20132014), and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and national and institutional standards.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"318"}}