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However, in children the most common pathogens are viruses that usually do not require and are not covered by the applied anti-infective treatment. Novel multiplex PCR (mPCR) panels provide rapid on-site diagnostic testing for a variety of pathogens. This study compared empiric antibiotic and acyclovir usage before and after the introduction of an on-site FilmArray Meningitis\/Encephalitis Panel (FA ME Panel).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We retrospectively compared data for empiric antibiotic and acyclovir usage between pediatric patients with suspected central nervous system (CNS) infection receiving mPCR testing and a matched historical control group. Patients were matched by age and suspected CNS infection. We included all patients for whom empiric antibiotics and\/or acyclovir were prescribed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Each study group consisted of 46 patients with 29 (63.0%) infants and 17 (37.0%) older children. A viral pathogen was diagnosed in 5\/46 (10.9%) patients in the control group (all enteroviruses) and in 14\/46 (30.4%) patients in the mPCR group (enterovirus <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099; human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095), (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.038)). Length of Therapy (LoT) and Days of Therapy (DoT) for antibiotics were significantly lower for infants (4.0 vs. 3.0, p\u2009=\u20090.038 and 8.0 vs. 6.0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015, respectively). Acyclovir therapy was significantly shorter for both, infants and older children (3.0 vs. 1.0\u2009day, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 for both age groups).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The findings of our study suggest that the introduction of a FA ME Panel into clinical routine procedures is associated with a significantly reduced LoT and DoT of empiric anti-infective treatment in children with suspected meningoencephalitis. The largest effect was observed in infants.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-020-1944-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T10:02:33Z","timestamp":1580896953000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Comparison of antibiotic and acyclovir usage before and after the implementation of an on-site FilmArray meningitis\/encephalitis panel in an academic tertiary pediatric hospital: a retrospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Hagen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Eichinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Meyer-Buehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tilmann","family":"Schober","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1232-4646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Huebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"1944_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1086\/425368","volume":"39","author":"AR Tunkel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tunkel AR, Hartman BJ, Kaplan SL, Kaufman BA, Roos KL, Scheld WM, et al. 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