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Multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity and nutrition was performed. Correlation between serum vitamin D levels and bronchiolitis severity was assessed via Modified Tal Score and length of hospital stay (LOS).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>One hundred twenty-seven patients aged &lt;\u200924\u2009months were recruited; 80 diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis and 47 patients with non- respiratory febrile illnesses. Both groups had similar demographics aside from age (median [IQR] 5 [3\u20139] vs. 9 [5\u201316] months in the bronchiolitis group compared to control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002)). Serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels were significantly lower in the bronchiolitis group; median [IQR] 28[18\u201352] vs. 50[25\u201379] nmol\/L, respectively, (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005). Deficient vitamin D levels (&lt;\u200950\u2009nmol\/L) was found more frequently in the bronchiolitis group than controls; 73% vs. 51% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028). Multivariate logistic regression showed vitamin D deficiency was more probable in bronchiolitis patients; OR [95% CI] 3.139[1.369\u20137.195]. No correlation was found between serum vitamin D levels and bronchiolitis severity, which was assessed via Modified Tal Score and by length of hospital stay.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Children with acute bronchiolitis displayed significantly lower vitamin D levels than children with non-respiratory acute febrile illnesses.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-02666-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T06:03:10Z","timestamp":1619762590000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Vitamin D deficiency in children with acute bronchiolitis: a prospective cross-sectional case- control study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Inbal","family":"Golan-Tripto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neta","family":"Loewenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asher","family":"Tal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yotam","family":"Dizitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Baumfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aviv","family":"Goldbart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2666_CR1","first-page":"10","volume":"45","author":"CL Collins","year":"2002","unstructured":"Collins CL, Pollard AJ. 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