{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T14:59:54Z","timestamp":1793717994098,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620000000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Children\u2019s healthy development is important. While governmental public assistance benefits financially troubled families, it cannot compensate for a lack of social support. Single-parenthood is a health risk factor for children owing to low-income-associated food insecurity and stress. No study has investigated the association between single-parenthood and health status in children from families receiving public assistance. This study aimed to examine the association between single-parent households and children\u2019s health among public assistance recipients in Japan by using linkage data of two municipal public assistance databases and administrative medical assistance data.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We performed a retrospective cohort study. Public assistance for households below the poverty line ensures income security and medical care. The study population included all children aged 15 or younger availing public assistance in January 2016. We extracted recipients\u2019 sociodemographic factors from January 2016 and identified the incidence of childhood diseases\u2019 diagnosis until December 2016 as the outcome, including 1) acute upper respiratory infections; 2) influenza and pneumonia; 3) injuries, including fractures; 4) intestinal infectious diseases; 5) conjunctivitis; 6) asthma; 7) allergic rhinitis; 8) dermatitis and eczema, including atopic dermatitis; and 9) diseases of the oral cavities, salivary glands, and jaws, such as tooth decay or dental caries.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among the 573 children, 383 (66.8%) lived in single-parent households. A multivariable Poisson regression, with a robust standard error estimator, showed that single-parenthood is associated with a higher prevalence of asthma (incidence ratio [IR]\u2009=\u20091.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16\u20132.26), allergic rhinitis (IR\u2009=\u20091.41; 95% CI, 1.07\u20131.86), dermatitis and eczema (IR\u2009=\u20091.81; 95% CI, 1.21\u20132.70), and dental diseases (IR\u2009=\u20091.79; 95% CI, 1.33\u20132.42) compared to non-single parent households, whereas little association was found between single-parenthood and children\u2019s acute health conditions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among public assistance recipients, living in single-parent households may be a risk factor for children\u2019s chronic diseases. The Japanese public assistance system should provide additional social care for single-parent households. Further investigations are necessary using more detailed longitudinal data, including environmental factors, the severity of children\u2019s health conditions, contents of medical treatments, and broader socioeconomic factors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-02682-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T14:50:54Z","timestamp":1620053454000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Single-parenthood and health conditions among children receiving public assistance in Japan: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Nishioka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2682_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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Informed consent was waived by the Research Ethics Committee of the Graduate School of Medicine of the University of Tokyo because of encrypted identification number. Further, the parents or legal guardians of those in the study population were provided opportunities to opt out of inclusion in each municipality. The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Graduate School of Medicine of the University of Tokyo (Approval No: 11503). This study was carried out in accordance with STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Daisuke Nishioka received a research grant from Seseragi Foundation. Junko Saito, and Keiko Ueno declare no competing interests associated with this manuscript. Naoki Kondo conducted collaborative research with KITACOM, which provided the data used in the present paper. Naoki Kondo received a research fund and scholarship donation from KITACOM. These financial bodies\u00a0had no discretion or involvement in our study protocol, analysis, interpretation of the results, or submission of this manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"214"}}