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This study was conducted to examine the impact of very preterm\/very low birth weight (VP\/VLBW) birth and subsequent growth after hospital discharge on cardiometabolic outcomes such as insulin resistance, fasting glucose, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) among children at 6\u20138 years of age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective cohort study included children aged 6\u20138 years and compared those who were born at &lt;\u200932 weeks of gestation or weighing\u2009&lt;\u20091,500\u00a0g at birth (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200960) with those born at term (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009110). Body size, fat mass, BP, glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and lipid profiles were measured. Weight-for-age z-score changes between discharge and early school-age period were also calculated, and factors associated with BP, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children who were born VP\/VLBW had significantly lower fat masses, higher systolic BP and diastolic BP, and significantly higher values of fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), compared to children born at term. VP\/VLBW was correlated with HOMA-IR and BPs after adjusting for various factors, including fat mass index and weight-for-age z-score changes. Weight-for-age z-score changes were associated with HOMA-IR, but not with BPs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although children aged 6\u20138 years who were born VP\/VLBW showed significantly lower weight and fat mass, they had significantly higher BPs, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, and leptin levels. The associations of VP\/VLBW with cardiometabolic factors were independent of fat mass and weight gain velocity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-02851-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T07:03:29Z","timestamp":1630393409000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Impact of very preterm birth and post-discharge growth on cardiometabolic outcomes at school age: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jungha","family":"Yun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Hwa","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Han","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In Gyu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Ah","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Choong Ho","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ee-Kyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han-Suk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2851_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30451-0","volume":"7","author":"S Chawanpaiboon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chawanpaiboon S, Vogel JP, Moller AB, Lumbiganon P, Petzold M, Hogan D, Landoulsi S, Jampathong N, Kongwattanakul K, Laopaiboon M, et al. 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