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Participants were surveyed anonymously using a computer-assisted self-interview approach via tablets. Thirteen items modified from the CDC-Kaiser ACE study were used to measure the ACEs. Results show subtypes as neglect, abuse, and household dysfunction by developing cumulative index score from the variable perspective and subgroups identified through the latent class analysis (LCA) from the person perspective. Logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between each ACE subtype and violence victimization and perpetration after adjusting for some demographic characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 1,700 participants were included in the final analysis. Approximately 1,322 (77.76\u2009%) participants reported experiencing at least one ACE. The prevalence of neglect, abuse, and household dysfunction was 64.12\u2009% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091090), 61.29\u2009% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091042), and 18.24\u2009% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009310), respectively. Three classes were identified through the LCA: low exposure to all ACEs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009854, 50.23\u2009%), high exposure to emotional and physical abuse and neglect (n\u2009=\u2009715, 42.06\u2009%), and high exposure to all ACEs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009131,7.71\u2009%). After controlling the covariates, experiencing abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction was significantly related to violence victimization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]\u2009<jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\u20093.19, 3.29, 2.37, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and victim-perpetrator (aOR\u2009<jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\u20093.48, 4.41, 5.16, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Adolescent violence perpetration was only found to be associated with being neglected (aOR\u2009=\u20092.37, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003) and suffering household dysfunction (aOR\u2009=\u20093.25, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). LCA revealed the cumulative effects of ACEs on adolescent violence victimization and perpetration. Sex-stratified analysis indicate that girls were more vulnerable to the negative effects of ACEs, with a higher risk of perpetration among girls exposed to distinctive subtypes or multiple ACEs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>ACEs were ubiquitous and significantly associated with an elevated risk of violence victimization and perpetration during early adolescence. Future research should examine whether these associations persist over time and the intermediating mechanism from the perspectives of individual neurodevelopment, cognition and resilience ability, and social support.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-02853-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T12:16:31Z","timestamp":1630671391000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Childhood adversity subtypes and violence victimization and perpetration among early adolescents in Shanghai, China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Xiayun","family":"Zuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiguo","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaohua","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2853_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","volume":"14","author":"VJ Felitti","year":"1998","unstructured":"Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V, Koss MP, Marks JS: Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. 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We provided information sheets about the study to all adolescents and their teachers and guardians 1 week before the survey. The sheets highlighted that this survey was anonymous and adolescents were free to refuse to answer any question and even quit the survey. Written informed consent of the guardians and the adolescent assent were obtained before the survey. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations(Declaration of Helsinki).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"381"}}