{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T02:26:28Z","timestamp":1785464788945,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Shanghai Science and Technology Committee","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["18411951700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18411951700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Intelligent Medical Research Project of Shanghai Health and Family Planning Commission","award":["2018ZHYL0225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZHYL0225"]}]},{"name":"Specific Disease Cohort Project of Children\u2019s Hospital of Fudan University","award":["2020ZBDL10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020ZBDL10"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The prevalence of allergic diseases (ADs), such as asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR), is increasing worldwide in both adults and children. Although ADs are common and frequently coexist in outpatient care, city-level data regarding the characteristics of childhood AD remain limited in China. This study aimed to assess the profile and characteristics of ADs in the city of Shanghai.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A multicenter retrospective study was designed to collect routine administrative data from outpatient and emergency departments from 66 hospitals in Shanghai, China, from 2016 to 2018. Children with asthma, AR, allergic conjunctivitis (AC), and allergic skin diseases were investigated. Demographic characteristics, patients visit pattern, spectrum of diagnosis, and comorbidities were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 2,376,150 outpatient and emergency visits for ADs were included in the period from 2016 to 2018. Allergic skin diseases accounted for 38.9%, followed by asthma (34.8%), AR (22.9%), and AC (3.3%), with a male predominance in all four diseases. Asthma and allergic skin diseases were most frequent in the 1 to &lt;\u20094\u2009years of age group, while AR and AC were more common in the 4 to &lt;\u20097\u2009years of age group. Asthma accounted for the greatest number of annual and emergency visits. The most frequent comorbidity of asthma was lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) (49.3%), followed by AR (20.5%) and upper respiratory tract infection (14.1%). The most common comorbidities of AR were otitis media (23.4%), adenoid hypertrophy\/obstructive sleep apnea (22.1%), followed by LRTI (12.1%), asthma (9.4%) and chronic pharyngitis (8.9%).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Asthma and allergic skin diseases were the most common ADs in outpatient and emergency departments in the study period. Respiratory tract infection was the most common comorbidity of asthma in children. More attention should be devoted to the treatment of comorbidities to improve childhood AD outcomes with a better understanding of the characteristics of ADs in outpatient care.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-02880-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T06:05:43Z","timestamp":1631858743000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Characteristics of childhood allergic diseases in outpatient and emergency departments in Shanghai, China, 2016\u20132018: a multicenter, retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renjie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanfang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanming","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liling","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Libo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonghao","family":"Gui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"258","key":"2880_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"258","author":"B Bloom","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bloom B, Jones LI, Freeman G. Summary health statistics for U.S. children: National Health Interview Survey, 2012. Vital Health Stat 10. 2013;258(258):1\u201381.","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat 10"},{"issue":"1","key":"2880_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1939-4551-7-12","volume":"7","author":"R Pawankar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pawankar R. Allergic diseases and asthma: a global public health concern and a call to action. World Allergy Organ J. 2014;7(1):12.","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"issue":"7","key":"2880_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2003.00161.x","volume":"58","author":"W Maziak","year":"2003","unstructured":"Maziak W, Behrens T, Brasky TM, Duhme H, Rzehak P, Weiland SK, et al. Are asthma and allergies in children and adolescents increasing? Results from ISAAC phase I and phase III surveys in M\u00fcnster, Germany. Allergy. 2003;58(7):572\u20139.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2880_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.14.0170","volume":"18","author":"J Asher","year":"2014","unstructured":"Asher J, Pearce N. Global burden of asthma among children. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2014;18:1269\u201378.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2880_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0121577","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121577","volume":"10","author":"C Huang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huang C, Liu W, Hu Y, Zou Z, Zhao Z, Shen L, et al. Updated prevalences of asthma, allergy, and airway symptoms, and a systematic review of trends over time for childhood asthma in Shanghai, China. PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0121577.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"2880_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-020-2001-x","volume":"20","author":"P Shi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shi P, Zhang X, Liu L, Tang L, Li J, Wang L, et al. Age- and gender-specific trends in respiratory outpatient visits and diagnoses at a tertiary pediatric hospital in China: a 10-year retrospective study. BMC Pediatr. 2020;20(1):115.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"2880_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1097\/01.DBP.0000267557.80834.e5","volume":"28","author":"JA Blackman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Blackman JA, Gurka MJ. Developmental and behavioral comorbidities of asthma in children. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2007;28:92\u20139.","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"2880_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20778","volume":"43","author":"F Macri","year":"2008","unstructured":"Macri F, Rossi FP, Lambiase C, di Castelbianco FB, Frassanito A. Psychological factors in childhood asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008;43:366\u201370.","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"2880_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.09.036","volume":"129","author":"M Westman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Westman M, Stj\u00e4rne P, Asarnoj A, Kull I, van Hage M, Wickman M, et al. Natural course and comorbidities of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;129:403\u20138.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2880_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12126","volume":"24","author":"MD Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez MD, Valero AL, Montoro J, Jauregui I, Ferrer M, D\u00e1vila I, et al. Analysis of comorbidities and therapeutic approach for allergic rhinitis in a pediatric population in Spain. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2013;24(7):678\u201384.","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2880_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S253618","volume":"13","author":"AM Gezmu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gezmu AM, Kung SJ, Shifa JZ, Nakstad B, Brooks M, Joel D, et al. Pediatric spectrum of allergic diseases and asthma in a tertiary level Hospital in Botswana: an exploratory retrospective cross-sectional study. J Asthma Allergy. 2020;13:213\u201323.","journal-title":"J Asthma Allergy"},{"key":"2880_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-016-0673-z","volume":"16","author":"DA Hill","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hill DA, Grundmeier RW, Ram G, Spergel JM. The epidemiologic characteristics of healthcare provider-diagnosed eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergy in children: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pediatr. 2016;16:133.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2880_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.5415\/apallergy.2018.8.e8","volume":"8","author":"SY Kang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kang SY, Song WJ, Cho SH, Chang YS. Time trends of the prevalence of allergic diseases in Korea: a systematic literature review. Asia Pac Allergy. 2018;8(1):e8.","journal-title":"Asia Pac Allergy"},{"key":"2880_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.01.020","volume":"136","author":"K Lisspers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lisspers K, Janson C, Larsson K, Johansson G, Telg G, Thuresson M, et al. Comorbidity, disease burden and mortality across age groups in a Swedish primary care asthma population: an epidemiological register study (PACEHR). Respir Med. 2018;136:15\u201320.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2880_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"010801","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.10.010801","volume":"10","author":"X Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li X, Song P, Zhu Y, Lei H, Chan KY, Campbell H, et al. The disease burden of childhood asthma in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health. 2020;10(1):010801.","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"2880_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/000155598441891","volume":"78","author":"H Sugiura","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sugiura H, Umemoto N, Deguchi H, Murata Y, Tanaka K, Sawai T, et al. Prevalence of childhood and adolescent atopic dermatitis in a Japanese population: comparison with the disease frequency examined 20 years ago. Acta Derm Venereol. 1998;78:293\u20134.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2880_CR17","first-page":"144","volume":"35","author":"JY Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee JY, Yang HK, Kim M, Kim J, Ahn K. Is the prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Korean children decreasing?: National Database 2009-2014. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2017;35(3):144\u20139.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2880_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29751","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29751","volume":"6","author":"Y Guo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guo Y, Li P, Tang J, Han X, Zou X, Xu G, et al. Prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Chinese children aged 1-7\u2009ys. Sci Rep. 2016;6:29751.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"Suppl B","key":"2880_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S133","DOI":"10.1016\/S1550-8579(07)80054-4","volume":"4","author":"DS Postma","year":"2007","unstructured":"Postma DS. Gender differences in asthma development and progression. Gend Med. 2007;4(Suppl B):S133\u201346.","journal-title":"Gend Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"2880_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5344","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17155344","volume":"17","author":"ME Di Cicco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Di Cicco ME, Ferrante G, Amato D, Capizzi A, De Pieri C, Ferraro VA, et al. Climate change and childhood respiratory health: a call to action for paediatricians. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(15):5344.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2880_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.316","volume":"8","author":"YC Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee YC, Ju HJ, Kwon JW, Bae JM. Seasonality of allergic diseases: real-world evidence from a nationwide population-based study. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2020;8(3):360\u20132.","journal-title":"Immun Inflamm Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2880_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23625.x","volume":"124","author":"U Kr\u00e4mer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kr\u00e4mer U, Weidinger S, Darsow U, M\u00f6hrenschlager M, Ring J, Behrendt H. Seasonality in symptom severity influenced by temperature or grass pollen: results of a panel study in children with eczema. J Invest Dermatol. 2005;124(3):514\u201323.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2880_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13005","volume":"30","author":"SR Noh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Noh SR, Kim JS, Kim EH, Jeon BH, Kim JH, Kim YM, et al. Spectrum of susceptibility to air quality and weather in individual children with atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2019;30(2):179\u201387.","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2880_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14289","volume":"58","author":"AB Fleischer Jr","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fleischer AB Jr. Atopic dermatitis: the relationship to temperature and seasonality in the United States. Int J Dermatol. 2019;58(4):465\u201371.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2880_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2011.01203.x","volume":"26","author":"BY Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen BY, Chan CC, Han YY, Wu HP, Guo YL. The risk factors and quality of life in children with allergic rhinitis in relation to seasonal attack patterns. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2012;26(2):146\u201355.","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"2880_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23858","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23858","volume":"6","author":"J Hong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hong J, Zhong T, Li H, Xu J, Ye X, Mu Z, et al. Ambient air pollution, weather changes, and outpatient visits for allergic conjunctivitis: a retrospective registry study. Sci Rep. 2016;6:23858.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"2880_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14177","volume":"75","author":"I Eguiluz-Gracia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eguiluz-Gracia I, Mathioudakis AG, Bartel S, Vijverberg SJH, Fuertes E, Comberiati P, et al. The need for clean air: the way air pollution and climate change affect allergic rhinitis and asthma. Allergy. 2020;75(9):2170\u201384.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2880_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135975","volume":"706","author":"Y Hu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu Y, Xu Z, Jiang F, Li S, Liu S, Wu M, et al. Relative impact of meteorological factors and air pollutants on childhood allergic diseases in Shanghai, China. Sci Total Environ. 2020;706:135975.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"2880_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-020-0563-6","volume":"19","author":"KD Min","year":"2020","unstructured":"Min KD, Yi SJ, Kim HC, Leem JH, Kwon HJ, Hong S, et al. Association between exposure to traffic-related air pollution and pediatric allergic diseases based on modeled air pollution concentrations and traffic measures in Seoul, Korea: a comparative analysis. Environ Health. 2020;19(1):6.","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"2880_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2016.1263315","volume":"54","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Lamichhane R, Diggs LA. Disparities in emergency department visits in American children with asthma: 2006-2010. J Asthma. 2017;54(7):679\u201386.","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"2880_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.10.1410","volume":"86","author":"Y Wasilewski","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wasilewski Y, Clark N, Evans D, Levison M, Levin B, Mellins RB. Factors associated with emergency department visits by children with asthma: implications for health education. Am J Pub Health. 1996;86:1410\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Pub Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"2880_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1080\/02770900903162753","volume":"46","author":"C Tolomeo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tolomeo C, Savrin C, Heinzer M, Bazzy-Asaad A. Predictors of asthma-related pediatric emergency department visits and hospitalizations. J Asthma. 2009;46(8):829\u201334.","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"2880_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S269795","volume":"13","author":"J Gao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gao J, Wu F, Wu S, Yang X. Inflammatory subtypes in classic asthma and cough variant asthma. J Inflamm Res. 2020;13:1167\u201373.","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2880_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00140310","volume":"38","author":"M Cazzola","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cazzola M, Calzetta L, Bettoncelli G, Novelli L, Cricelli C, Rogliani P. Asthma and comorbid medical illness. Eur Respir J. 2011;38(1):42\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2880_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.1.9907072","volume":"162","author":"SM Harding","year":"2000","unstructured":"Harding SM, Guzzo MR, Richter JE. The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in asthma patients without reflux symptoms. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;162:34\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2880_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000204","volume":"15","author":"A Leonardi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leonardi A, Castegnaro A, Valerio AL, Lazzarini D. Epidemiology of allergic conjunctivitis: clinical appearance and treatment patterns in a population-based study. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;15(5):482\u20138.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2880_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.3109\/02770903.2010.491148","volume":"47","author":"AA Arif","year":"2010","unstructured":"Arif AA. The association between symptomatic asthma and neurobehavioral comorbidities among children. J Asthma. 2010;47(7):792\u20136.","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"issue":"1","key":"2880_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1281-7","volume":"17","author":"C Miyazaki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Miyazaki C, Koyama M, Ota E, Swa T, Mlunde LB, Amiya RM, et al. Allergic diseases in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):120.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"2880_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2016.111","volume":"80","author":"YT Lin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lin YT, Chen YC, Gau SS, Yeh TH, Fan HY, Hwang YY, et al. Associations between allergic diseases and attention deficit hyperactivity\/oppositional defiant disorders in children. Pediatr Res. 2016;80(4):480\u20135.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2880_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2017.31.4439","volume":"31","author":"B Feng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Feng B, Jin H, Xiang H, Li B, Zheng X, Chen R, et al. Association of pediatric allergic rhinitis with the ratings of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2017;31(3):161\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"}],"container-title":["BMC Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12887-021-02880-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12887-021-02880-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12887-021-02880-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T06:05:51Z","timestamp":1631858751000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12887-021-02880-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2880"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12887-021-02880-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2431"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2431","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Ethics approval was obtained from the Research Ethic Committee of Children\u2019s Hospital affiliated to Fudan University (NO. 2018\u2013215). And due to the nature of retrospective study, a waiver of consent was obtained from the Research Ethic Committee of Children\u2019s Hospital affiliated to Fudan University. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"409"}}