{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:25:09Z","timestamp":1782433509755,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641859200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Renal calyx diverticulum refers to a cystic lesion covered with the transitional epithelium in the renal parenchyma. Although there is no clear evidence that calyx diverticulum can cause hypertension, there exists a close association between the two, and there are few related reports. Herein, we reported the case of a child with renal calyx diverticulum complicated with hypertension and summarized the diagnosis and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Physical examination of the patient, an 11-year-old child, revealed a left renal cyst with hypertension (155\/116\u2009mmHg). There were no related symptoms. Routine urine and blood biochemical examinations showed no abnormalities. Imaging revealed left renal cyst compression causing the hypertension. She underwent renal cyst fluid aspiration and injection of a sclerosing agent into the capsule, but her blood pressure increased again 3\u2009days postoperatively. Color Doppler ultrasonography showed that the size of the left renal cyst was the same as that preoperatively. To further confirm the diagnosis, cystoscopic retrograde ureteropyelography was performed to confirm the diagnosis of renal calyx diverticulum. Subsequently, renal calyceal diverticulum resection and calyx neck enlargement were performed. The operation went smoothly and the blood pressure returned to normal postoperatively. No abnormalities were noted at the 7-month postoperative follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There exists an association between renal calyx diverticulum and hypertension. Therefore, hypertension can be considered a surgical indication for renal calyx diverticulum. Moreover, renal calyceal diverticulum in children can be easily misdiagnosed as a renal cyst. Therefore, it is important to be vigilant to prevent a series of complications, such as postoperative urine leakage, in such cases.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-03081-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T09:03:03Z","timestamp":1641891783000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A case report of renal calyceal diverticulum with hypertension in children and review of literature"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yongxiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruimin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangming","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haowei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6686-8505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongcheng","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"3081_CR1","first-page":"407","volume-title":"Intrarenal Stenosis and Stones: Calyceal diverticulum and infundibular Stenosis. In: Ureteroscopy edn: Springer","author":"SG Koopman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koopman SG, Fuchs GJ. Intrarenal Stenosis and Stones: Calyceal diverticulum and infundibular Stenosis. In: Ureteroscopy edn: Springer; 2013. p. 407\u201316."},{"key":"3081_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.14127","volume":"62","author":"H Sahin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sahin H, Sarioglu FC, Alaygut D, Akdogan AI, Pekcevik Y. Differentiation of simple renal parenchymal cyst and calyceal diverticulum. Pediatr Int. 2020;62:615\u201323.","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"3081_CR3","first-page":"1155","volume":"27","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Wang X, Chen D, Peng N, Chen J, et al. Challenges in the diagnosis of calyceal diverticulum: a report of two cases and review of the literature. J Xray Sci Technol. 2019;27:1155\u201367.","journal-title":"J Xray Sci Technol"},{"key":"3081_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-019-0900-x","volume":"20","author":"N Smyth","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smyth N, Somani B, Rai B, Aboumarzouk OM. Treatment options for Calyceal diverticula. Curr Urol Rep. 2019;20:37.","journal-title":"Curr Urol Rep"},{"key":"3081_CR5","first-page":"3508537","volume":"2018","author":"T Mitome","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mitome T, Tabei T, Tsuura Y, Kobayashi K. Squamous cell carcinoma in a Calyceal diverticulum detected by percutaneous Nephroscopic biopsy. Case Rep Oncol Med. 2018;2018:3508537.","journal-title":"Case Rep Oncol Med"},{"key":"3081_CR6","first-page":"9285671","volume":"2018","author":"T Yamasaki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yamasaki T, Yoshioka T, Imoto M, Aoki H, Fujio K, Uehara S, et al. Rupture of a Calyceal diverticulum secondary to Ureteroscopy: a rare complication. Case Rep Urol. 2018;2018:9285671.","journal-title":"Case Rep Urol."},{"key":"3081_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2015.09.003","volume":"86","author":"R Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang R, Shen W, Li X, Shen J, Tan J, Hao X. A Petal-like Calyceal Diverticulum. Urology. 2015;86:e31\u20132.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"3081_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-9294(15)30010-9","volume":"30","author":"YH Peng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peng YH, Zhang W, Gao XF, Sun YH. Calyceal diverticulum mimicking simple parapelvic cyst: a case report. Chin Med Sci J. 2015;30:56\u20138.","journal-title":"Chin Med Sci J"},{"key":"3081_CR9","first-page":"313","volume":"69","author":"C Bonastre","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bonastre C, Briones G. Laparoscopic calyceal diverticulectomy. Cent European J Urol. 2016;69:313.","journal-title":"Cent European J Urol"},{"key":"3081_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-017-0758-1","volume":"12","author":"V Sripathi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sripathi V, Mitra A, Padankatti RL, Ganesan T. Robotic treatment of a type 2 calyceal diverticulum in a child: is suture closure and marsupialisation enough for a good outcome? J Robot Surg. 2018;12:727\u201330.","journal-title":"J Robot Surg"},{"key":"3081_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-020-00604-7","volume":"20","author":"Y Pan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pan Y, Chen G, Chen H, Zhu Y, Chen H. The left ureterocele and stone of calyceal diverticulum in the patient with bilateral incomplete duplex kidneys managed by flexible ureteroscopy: a case report and literature review. BMC Urol. 2020;20:35.","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"key":"3081_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr2013202301","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-202301","volume":"2014","author":"A Pareek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pareek A, Laursen CB, Graumann O. Calyceal diverticulum: a benign imitator of serious pathology. BMJ Case Rep. 2014;2014:bcr2013202301.","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"3081_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eucr.2019.100840","volume":"24","author":"WM Ng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ng WM. Retrograde intrarenal surgery in atretic calyceal diverticular stone, a case report. Urol Case Rep. 2019;24:100840.","journal-title":"Urol Case Rep"},{"key":"3081_CR14","first-page":"716786","volume":"2012","author":"A Alwaal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alwaal A, Azhar RA, Andonian S. Percutaneous holmium laser fulguration of calyceal diverticula. Case Rep Urol. 2012;2012:716786.","journal-title":"Case Rep Urol"},{"key":"3081_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s00240-012-0526-7","volume":"41","author":"MM Oh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Oh MM, Kim JW, Kim JW, Chae JY, Yoon CY, Park HS, et al. Bacterial sepsis after extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) of calyceal diverticular stone. Urolithiasis. 2013;41:95\u20137.","journal-title":"Urolithiasis."},{"key":"3081_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2015.3590","volume":"10","author":"T Nakano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nakano T, Kitagawa Y, Izumi K, Ikeda H, Namiki M. Invasive urothelial carcinoma within a calyceal diverticulum associated with renal stones: a case report. Oncol Lett. 2015;10:2439\u201341.","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"3081_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.09.015","volume":"85","author":"MC Ferroni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ferroni MC, Rycyna KJ, Dwyer ME, Schneck FX. Calyceal diverticulum with a large extra-renal extension in a 5-year-old child. Urology. 2015;85:230\u20132.","journal-title":"Urology."},{"key":"3081_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.12659\/PJR.892053","volume":"80","author":"P Bombi\u0144ski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bombi\u0144ski P, Warcho\u0142 S, Brzewski M, Biejat A, Dudek-Warcho\u0142 T, Krzemie\u0144 G, et al. Calyceal diverticulum of the kidney - diagnostic imaging dilemma in pediatric patients - case report. Pol J Radiol. 2015;80:27\u201330.","journal-title":"Pol J Radiol"},{"key":"3081_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e985","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000985","volume":"94","author":"CC Lin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin CC, Shih BF, Shih SL, Tsai JD. Potential role of Tc-99m DTPA diuretic renal scan in the diagnosis of Calyceal diverticulum in children. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94:e985.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"3081_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.05.151","volume":"16","author":"D Alaygut","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alaygut D, \u015eahin H, \u00c7amlar SA, Soyalt\u0131n E, \u00d6ncel EP, Alparslan C, et al. Calyceal diverticulum of the kidney in pediatric patients - is it as rare as you might think? J Pediatr Urol. 2020;16:487.e1\u20136.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"3081_CR21","first-page":"437","volume":"26","author":"B Dong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dong B, Ma J, Wang HJ, Wang ZQ. The association of overweight and obesity with blood pressure among Chinese children and adolescents. Biomed Environ Sci. 2013;26:437\u201344.","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"3081_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mou.0000193380.16480.e1","volume":"16","author":"AJ Gross","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gross AJ, Fisher M. Management of stones in patients with anomalously sited kidneys. Curr Opin Urol. 2006;16:100\u20135.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Urol"},{"key":"3081_CR23","unstructured":"Yu WW, Zhang DH, He X, Zhang YL, D. LG, Wang XL, Deng G, B. S, Wang YY. Incision and internal drainage treatment of renal cyst and calyceal diverticulum by endoscope. J Clin Urology. 2013;5:337\u201339+342."},{"key":"3081_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2009.02.023","volume":"31","author":"B Gandomi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gandomi B, Bayat A, Kazemei T. Outcomes of septoplasty in young adults: the nasal obstruction Septoplasty effectiveness study. Am J Otolaryngol. 2010;31:189\u201392.","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"3081_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.10154","volume":"31","author":"S Kavukcu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kavukcu S, Cakmakci H, Babayigit A. Diagnosis of caliceal diverticulum in two pediatric patients: a comparison of sonography, CT, and urography. J Clin Ultrasound. 2003;31:218\u201321.","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"issue":"172","key":"3081_CR26","first-page":"e1","volume":"11","author":"CJ Long","year":"2015","unstructured":"Long CJ, Weiss DA, Kolon TF, Srinivasan AK, Shukla AR. Pediatric calyceal diverticulum treatment: an experience with endoscopic and laparoscopic approaches. J Pediatr Urol. 2015;11(172):e1\u20136.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"3081_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-9056(10)61175-X","volume":"9","author":"G De Naeyer","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Naeyer G, Schatteman P, Carpentier P, Mottrie A. 84 robot assisted laparoscopic calyceal diverticulum repair. Eur Urol Suppl. 2010;9:523\u20134.","journal-title":"Eur Urol Suppl"},{"key":"3081_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2017.05.007","volume":"198","author":"E Parkhomenko","year":"2017","unstructured":"Parkhomenko E, Tran T, Thai J, Blum K, Gupta M. Percutaneous Management of Stone Containing Calyceal Diverticula: associated factors and outcomes. J Urol. 2017;198:864\u20138.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"3081_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0b013e328011bcd3","volume":"17","author":"AJ Gross","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gross AJ, Herrmann TR. Management of stones in calyceal diverticulum. Curr Opin Urol. 2007;17:136\u201340.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Urol"},{"key":"3081_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.10.048","volume":"57","author":"M Mangray","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mangray M, Vella JP. Hypertension after kidney transplant. Am J Kidney Dis. 2011;57:331\u201341.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"3081_CR31","first-page":"691","volume":"19","author":"VM Campese","year":"2006","unstructured":"Campese VM, Park J. The kidney and hypertension: over 70 years of research. J Nephrol. 2006;19:691\u20138.","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"3081_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32834f0bb7","volume":"30","author":"J Malyszko","year":"2012","unstructured":"Malyszko J, Malyszko JS, Mikhailidis DP, Rysz J, Zorawski M, Banach M. Hypertension and kidney disease: is renalase a new player or an innocent bystander? J Hypertens. 2012;30:457\u201362.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"3081_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gft083","volume":"29","author":"GV Desir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Desir GV, Peixoto AJ. Renalase in hypertension and kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2014;29:22\u20138.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"3081_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.488","volume":"79","author":"Y Wu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wu Y, Xu J, Velazquez H, Wang P, Li G, Liu D, et al. Renalase deficiency aggravates ischemic myocardial damage. Kidney Int. 2011;79:853\u201360.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"3081_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0b013e3283412721","volume":"20","author":"GV Desir","year":"2011","unstructured":"Desir GV. Role of renalase in the regulation of blood pressure and the renal dopamine system. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2011;20:31\u20136.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"3081_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319712459212","volume":"64","author":"J Malyszko","year":"2013","unstructured":"Malyszko J, Malyszko JS, Rysz J, Mysliwiec M, Tesar V, Levin-Iaina N, et al. Renalase, hypertension, and kidney - the discussion continues. Angiology. 2013;64:181\u20137.","journal-title":"Angiology."}],"container-title":["BMC Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12887-021-03081-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12887-021-03081-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12887-021-03081-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T09:03:19Z","timestamp":1641891799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12887-021-03081-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3081"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12887-021-03081-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2431"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2431","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by ethics committee of The Fourth Hospital of Baotou, and the number of ethics approval is not applicable in our ethics committee. Written informed consent was obtained from the patient\u2019s parents.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient\u2019s parents for publication of this Case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"35"}}