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A cross-sectional study was performed among girls with CPP classified as RP-CPP or SP-CPP.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The baseline data, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test results, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels, and season of sample collection were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The mean 25OHD level in 340 girls was 15.89\u2009\u00b1\u20096.87 ng\/mL, of whom only 10 (2.9%) had normal levels (\u2265\u200930 ng\/mL). A total of 114 girls in the SP-CPP group and 226 in the RP-CPP group had similar chronological age, disease course, height SDS, bone mineral density, baseline follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), peak FSH, and 25OHD levels. Developmental age, body mass index (BMI), BMI SDS, peak luteinizing hormone (LH)\/FSH, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and IGF-1 SDS were independent risk factors for RP-CPP. Significant differences were observed among the different serum 25OHD levels in terms of season, disease course, IGF1 level, and BMI SDS (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Moreover, the sampling season was strongly correlated with serum 25OHD levels (r\u2009=\u20090.402, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The vitamin D levels were generally deficient or insufficient in girls with CPP, but were not related to the different types of CPP. High BMI levels, IGF1 levels, or peak LH\/FSH ratio, but not vitamin D levels, could promote the progression of RP-CPP. Seasonal factors mainly influenced the vitamin D levels.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-023-04447-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]],"date-time":"2023-12-09T06:01:48Z","timestamp":1702101708000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Confirming the association between low serum 25OHD levels in girls with central precocious puberty and its severity"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Liya","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"4447_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1024","volume":"98","author":"JS Fuqua","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fuqua JS. 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