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Interleukin (IL)-17\u00a0A and IL-22 have been linked to the regulation of host defense against pathogens at the barrier surface, the regeneration of injured tissue, and the integration of the neurological, endocrine, and immune systems. Several studies have investigated the possible connection between IL-17\u00a0A and ASD as well as the severity of behavioral symptoms, but few of them included IL-22.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To measure serum levels of interleukin (IL)-17\u00a0A and IL-22 in children with ASD and to investigate their association with disease severity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This pilot study was performed on 24 children with ASD and 24 matched controls. Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) assessed ASD severity, and serum levels of IL-17\u00a0A and IL-22 were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In ASD patients, serum levels of IL-17\u00a0A and IL-22 showed a significant increase compared to controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-values\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). We compared serum levels of IL-17\u00a0A and IL-22 according to the severity categories by CARS and could not find any significant differences (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-values\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Only IL-22 had a significant positive correlation with ASD severity by CARS scores.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Raised serum levels of IL-17\u00a0A and IL-22 are associated with ASD; only IL-22, not IL-17\u00a0A, is correlated with ASD severity. This finding proposes IL-22 as a possible future effective target for ASD treatment. To fully comprehend the significance of these cytokines in ASD and their possible effects on ASD diagnosis and treatment, more research on a wider scale is required.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-023-04484-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T07:02:09Z","timestamp":1704438129000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Evaluation of serum interleukin-17\u00a0A and interleukin-22 levels in pediatric patients with autism spectrum disorder: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Dina E.","family":"Sallam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youstina S.","family":"Shaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gehan A.","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reham M.","family":"El-Hossiny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8224-8701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara I.","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa Abd Elazeem Hassan","family":"Ahamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"4484_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.21037\/tp.2019.09.09","volume":"9","author":"H Hodges","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hodges H, Fealko C, Soares N. 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