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Peak bone mass is built and its level significantly affects the condition of bones in later years of life. Understanding the modifiable factors that improve bone parameters at an early age is necessary to early prevent osteoporosis. To identify these modifiable factors we analysed the relationship between dairy product consumption, eating habits, sedentary behaviour, and level of physical activity with BMD in 115 young boys (14\u201317\u00a0years).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Bone parameters were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry using paediatric specific software to compile the data. Dairy product consumption and eating habits were assessed by means of a dietary interview. Sedentary behaviour and physical activity was assessed in a face-to-face interview conducted using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data collection on total physical activity level was performed by collecting information on the number of days and the duration of vigorous and moderate intensity (MVPA) and average daily time spent in sitting (SIT time).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The strongest relationships with BMD in distal part of forearm were found for moderate plus vigorous activity, sit time, and intake of dairy products, intake of calcium, protein, vitamin D, phosphorus from diet. Relationships between BMD, bone mineral content (BMC) in the distal and proximal part of the forearm and PA, sit time and eating parameters were evaluated using the multiple forward stepwise regression. The presented model explained 48\u201367% (adjusted <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.48\u20130.67; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) of the variance in bone parameters. The predictor of interactions of three variables: protein intake (g\/person\/day), vitamin D intake (\u00b5g\/day) and phosphorus intake (mg\/day) was significant for BMD dis (adjusted <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.59; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The predictor of interactions of two variables: SIT time (h\/day) and dairy products (n\/day) was significant for BMD prox (adjusted <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.48; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Furthermore, the predictor of interactions dairy products (n\/day), protein intake (g\/person\/day) and phosphorus intake (mg\/day) was significant for BMC prox and dis (adjusted <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.63\u20130.67; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>High physical activity and optimal eating habits especially adequate intake of important dietary components for bone health such as calcium, protein, vitamin D and phosphorus affect the mineralization of forearm bones.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-024-04539-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T06:01:57Z","timestamp":1705471317000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Dairy product consumption, eating habits, sedentary behaviour and physical activity association with bone mineral density among adolescent boys: a cross-sectional observational study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Kopiczko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Czapla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Ju\u00e1rez-Vela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bartosz","family":"Uchmanowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4539_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00061.2014","volume":"31","author":"JA Siddiqui","year":"2016","unstructured":"Siddiqui JA, Partridge NC. 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The project is in compliance with the principles of bioethics, as confirmed by the Bioethics Committee of the National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw (protocol number 1\/2021). The work was carried out in accordance with the Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) for experiments involving humans. Participants were sent a written informed consent form in advance of the survey. All participants gave their informed consent for participation in the survey. All participants received the results of the densitometry test, along with a discussion of them.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"53"}}