{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:47:27Z","timestamp":1791870447105,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Evidence-based research has shown that golden hour quality improvement (QI) measures can improve the quality of care and reduce serious complications of premature infants. Herein, we sought to review golden hour QI studies to evaluate the impact on the outcome of preterm infants.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and SinoMed databases from inception to April 03, 2023. Only studies describing QI interventions in the golden hour of preterm infants were included. Outcomes were summarized and qualitative synthesis was performed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Ten studies were eligible for inclusion. All studies were from single centers, of which nine were conducted in the USA and one in Israel. Seven were pre-post comparative studies and three were observational studies. Most included studies were of medium quality (80%). The most common primary outcome was admission temperatures and glucose. Five studies (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092308) reported improvements in the admission temperature and three studies (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092052) reported improvements in hypoglycemia after QI. Four studies (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009907) showed that the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was lower in preterm infants after QI: 106\/408 (26.0%) vs. 122\/424(29.5%) [OR\u2009=\u20090.68, 95% CI 0.48\u20130.97, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04].<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our study showed that the golden hour QI bundle can improve the short-term and long-term outcomes for extremely preterm infants. There was considerable heterogeneity and deficiencies in the included studies, and the variation in impact on outcomes suggests the need to use standardized and validated measures. Future studies are needed to develop locally appropriate, high-quality, and replicable QI projects.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-024-04558-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T06:02:37Z","timestamp":1706767357000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Quality improvement in the golden hour for premature infants: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Sheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guichao","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruirui","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanjin","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhangbin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"4558_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Glass HC, Costarino AT, Stayer SA, Brett CM, Cladis F, Davis PJ. Outcomes for extremely premature infants. Anesth Analg. 2015;120(6):1337\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000705","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000705"},{"issue":"4","key":"4558_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1159\/000178770","volume":"95","author":"M Vento","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vento M, Cheung PY, Aguar M. The first golden minutes of the extremely-low-gestational-age neonate: a gentle approach. Neonatology. 2009;95(4):286\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000178770","journal-title":"NEONATOLOGY"},{"key":"4558_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wyckoff MH. Initial resuscitation and stabilization of the periviable neonate: the golden-hour approach. Semin Perinatol. 2014;38(1):12\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.semperi.2013.07.003","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2013.07.003"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"4558_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2010.115","volume":"30","author":"N Finer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Finer N, Rich W. Neonatal resuscitation for the preterm infant: evidence versus practice. J Perinatol. 2010;30(Suppl):S57\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jp.2010.115","journal-title":"J PERINATOL"},{"issue":"3","key":"4558_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1570385","volume":"33","author":"A Katheria","year":"2016","unstructured":"Katheria A, Rich W, Finer N. Optimizing care of the preterm infant starting in the delivery room. Am J Perinatol. 2016;33(3):297\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0035-1570385","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"4558_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Miller SS, Lee HC, Gould JB. Hypothermia in very low birth weight infants: distribution, risk factors and outcomes. J Perinatol. 2011;31 Suppl 1:S49\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jp.2010.177","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2010.177"},{"issue":"7","key":"4558_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e131976","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131976","volume":"10","author":"HY Chang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chang HY, Sung YH, Wang SM, Lung HL, Chang JH, Hsu CH, et al. Short- and long-term outcomes in very low birth weight infants with admission hypothermia. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(7):e131976. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0131976","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"4558_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e210775","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.0775","volume":"175","author":"T Abiramalatha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abiramalatha T, Ramaswamy VV, Bandyopadhyay T, Pullattayil AK, Thanigainathan S, Trevisanuto D, et al. Delivery room interventions for hypothermia in preterm neonates: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Jama Pediatr. 2021;175(9):e210775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.0775","journal-title":"JAMA PEDIATR"},{"issue":"4","key":"4558_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000799","volume":"21","author":"KL Dixon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dixon KL, Carter B, Harriman T, Doles B, Sitton B, Thompson J. Neonatal thermoregulation: a golden hour protocol update. Adv Neonatal Care. 2021;21(4):280\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000799","journal-title":"Adv Neonatal Care"},{"key":"4558_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Donnellan D, Moore Z, Patton D, O\u2019Connor T, Nugent L. The effect of thermoregulation quality improvement initiatives on the admission temperature of premature\/very low birth-weight infants in neonatal intensive care units: A systematic review. J Spec Pediatr Nurs. 2020;25(2): e12286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jspn.12286","DOI":"10.1111\/jspn.12286"},{"key":"4558_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang B, Zhang J, Wu YZ, Lu ZH, Wang N, Yu ZB. Reference interval for pulse oxygen saturation in neonates at different altitudes: a systematic review. Front Pediatr. 2021;9:771750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2021.771750","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.771750"},{"issue":"1","key":"4558_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-018-0257-x","volume":"39","author":"N Chiriboga","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chiriboga N, Cortez J, Pena-Ariet A, Makker K, Smotherman C, Gautam S, et al. Successful implementation of an intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) bundle in reducing severe ICH: a quality improvement project. J Perinatol. 2019;39(1):143\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41372-018-0257-x","journal-title":"J PERINATOL"},{"key":"4558_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dylag AM, Tulloch J, Paul KE, Meyers JM. A quality improvement initiative to reduce bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a level 4 NICU-golden hour management of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm newborns. Children (Basel). 2021;8(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children8040301","DOI":"10.3390\/children8040301"},{"key":"4558_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Conway-Orgel M. Management of hypotension in the very low-birth-weight infant during the golden hour. Adv Neonatal Care. 2010;10(5):241\u20135, 246-7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ANC.0b013e3181f0891c","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0b013e3181f0891c"},{"key":"4558_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mitra S, Disher T, Pichler G, D\u2019Souza B, Mccord H, Chayapathi V et al. Delivery room interventions to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2019;9(8):e28066. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-028066","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-028066"},{"key":"4558_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Healy H, Croonen L, Onland W, van Kaam AH, Gupta M. A systematic review of reports of quality improvement for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2021;26(1):101201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.siny.2021.101201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2021.101201"},{"key":"4558_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peleg B, Globus O, Granot M, Leibovitch L, Mazkereth R, Eisen I et al. Golden hour quality improvement intervention and short-term outcome among preterm infants. J Perinatol. 2019;39(3):387\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41372-018-0254-0","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-018-0254-0"},{"key":"4558_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ashmeade TL, Haubner L, Collins S, Miladinovic B, Fugate K. Outcomes of a neonatal golden hour implementation project. Am J Med Qual. 2016;31(1):73\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1062860614548888","DOI":"10.1177\/1062860614548888"},{"issue":"10","key":"4558_CR19","first-page":"397","volume":"67","author":"S Reuter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Reuter S, Messier S, Steven D. The neonatal golden hour\u2013intervention to improve quality of care of the extremely low birth weight infant. S D Med. 2014;67(10):397\u2013403.","journal-title":"S D Med"},{"key":"4558_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Castrodale V, Rinehart S. The golden hour: improving the stabilization of the very low birth-weight infant. Adv Neonatal Care. 2014;14(1):9\u201314, 15\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ANC.0b013e31828d0289","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0b013e31828d0289"},{"key":"4558_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vergales BD, Dwyer EJ, Wilson SM, Nicholson EA, Nauman RC, Jin L et al. NASCAR pit-stop model improves delivery room and admission efficiency and outcomes for infants\u2009<\u200927 weeks\u2019 gestation. Resuscitation. 2015;92:7\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.03.022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.03.022"},{"key":"4558_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lamary M, Bertoni CB, Schwabenbauer K, Ibrahim J. Neonatal golden hour: a review of current best practices and available evidence. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2023;35(2):209\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MOP.0000000000001224","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000001224"},{"key":"4558_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O\u2019Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D et al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M18-0850","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850"},{"key":"4558_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shivananda S, Gupta S, Thomas S, Babb L, Meyer CL, Symington A et al. Impact of a dedicated neonatal stabilization room and process changes on stabilization time. J Perinatol. 2017;37(2):162-7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jp.2016.205","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2016.205"},{"key":"4558_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lapcharoensap W, Bennett MV, Powers RJ, Finer NN, Halamek LP, Gould JB et al. Effects of delivery room quality improvement on premature infant outcomes. J Perinatol. 2017;37(4):349\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jp.2016.237","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2016.237"},{"key":"4558_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Persaud A, Hodgson K, Bailey J, Owen LS. The neonatal \u2018golden hour\u2019: an audit of practice in infants below 30 weeks gestational age. J Paediatr Child H. 2018;54:101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpc.13882_272","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13882_272"},{"key":"4558_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Habib AS, Linn Leukart R, Brown A, Bartman T. Golden hour for extremely premature infants: improving time to normothermia and administration of ivf and antibiotics. Pediatrics. 2018;141(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.141.1-MeetingAbstract.114","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.141.1-MeetingAbstract.114"},{"key":"4558_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ardern J, McKinlay C, Vandal A, Hayward B. The golden hour: team lanyards improve nurse confidence and care coordination during neonatal admission. J Paediatr Child H. 2020;56(SUPPL 1):58\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpc.14832","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14832"},{"key":"4558_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ibrahim K, Mulla S. Neonatal super 60 project. Arch Dis Child. 2022;107:A131\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2022-rcpch.213","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2022-rcpch.213"},{"key":"4558_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hemingway M, Raju M, Vora N, Raju V, Mallett LH, Govande V. Improving delivery room and admission efficiency and outcomes for infants\u200a<\u200a32 weeks: ELGAN+ (extremely low gestational age neonate). J Neonatal Perinatal Med. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/NPM-210881","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-210881"},{"key":"4558_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wallingford B, Rubarth L, Abbott A, Miers LJ. Implementation and evaluation of golden hour practices in infants younger than 33 weeks\u2019 gestation. Newborn & Infant Nursing Reviews. 2012;12(2).","DOI":"10.1053\/j.nainr.2012.03.008"},{"key":"4558_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Croop S, Thoyre SM, Aliaga S, McCaffrey MJ, Peter-Wohl S. The golden hour: a quality improvement initiative for extremely premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. J Perinatol. 2020;40(3):530-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41372-019-0545-0","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-019-0545-0"},{"key":"4558_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Harriman TL, Carter B, Dail RB, Stowell KE, Zukowsky K. Golden hour protocol for preterm infants: a quality improvement project. Adv Neonatal Care. 2018;18(6):462\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000554","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000554"},{"key":"4558_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lambeth TM, Rojas MA, Holmes AP, Dail RB. First golden hour of life: a quality improvement initiative. Adv Neonatal Care. 2016;16(4):264\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000306","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000306"},{"key":"4558_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Reynolds RD, Pilcher J, Ring A, Johnson R, McKinley P. The golden hour: care of the LBW infant during the first hour of life one unit\u2019s experience. Neonatal Netw. 2009;28(4):211\u20139, 255\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1891\/0730-0832.28.4.211","DOI":"10.1891\/0730-0832.28.4.211"},{"key":"4558_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hempel S, Shekelle PG, Liu JL, Sherwood DM, Foy R, Lim YW et al. Development of the quality improvement minimum quality criteria set (QI-MQCS): a tool for critical appraisal of quality improvement intervention publications. BMJ Qual Saf. 2015;24(12):796\u2013804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjqs-2014-003151","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2014-003151"},{"key":"4558_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sheldon KA, Seoane-Vazquez E, Szeinbach SL, Tubbs C. Using the plan-do-study-act model to convert to a new insulin delivery system. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(12):1074\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2146\/ajhp080185","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp080185"},{"key":"4558_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Picarillo AP. Introduction to quality improvement tools for the clinician. J Perinatol. 2018;38(7):929\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41372-018-0100-4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-018-0100-4"},{"key":"4558_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kamath-Rayne BD, Josyula S, Rule A, Vasquez JC. Improvements in the delivery of resuscitation and newborn care after helping babies breathe training. J Perinatol. 2017;37(10):1153\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jp.2017.110","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2017.110"},{"key":"4558_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sachan R, Srivastava H, Srivastava S, Behera S, Agrawal P, Gomber S. Use of point of care quality improvement methodology to improve newborn care, immediately after birth, at a tertiary care teaching hospital, in a resource constraint setting. BMJ Open Qual. 2021;10(Suppl 1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjoq-2021-001445","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjoq-2021-001445"},{"key":"4558_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ohlinger J, Kantak A, Lavin JJ, Fofah O, Hagen E, Suresh G et al. Evaluation and development of potentially better practices for perinatal and neonatal communication and collaboration. Pediatrics. 2006;118 Suppl 2:S147\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2006-0913L","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0913L"},{"key":"4558_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moore ER, Bergman N, Anderson GC, Medley N. Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;11(11):D3519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD003519.pub4","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003519.pub4"},{"key":"4558_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Redshaw M, Hennegan J, Kruske S. Holding the baby: early mother-infant contact after childbirth and outcomes. Midwifery. 2014;30(5):e177\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.midw.2014.02.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2014.02.003"},{"key":"4558_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hodgson KA, Owen LS, Lui K, Shah V. Neonatal golden hour: a survey of Australian and New Zealand neonatal network units\u2019 early stabilisation practices for very preterm infants. J Paediatr Child Health. 2021;57(7):990\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpc.15360","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.15360"},{"key":"4558_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rabe H, Gyte GM, D\u00edaz-Rossello JL, Duley L. Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth on maternal and infant outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;9(9):D3248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD003248.pub4","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003248.pub4"},{"key":"4558_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Templin L, Grosse C, Andres V, Robert CD, Fayol L, Simeoni U et al. A quality improvement initiative to reduce the need for mechanical ventilation in extremely low gestational age neonates. Am J Perinatol. 2017;34(8):759\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0037-1598106","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1598106"},{"key":"4558_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shah A. Using data for improvement. BMJ. 2019;364:l189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.1189","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1189"}],"container-title":["BMC Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12887-024-04558-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12887-024-04558-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12887-024-04558-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T06:04:21Z","timestamp":1706767461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12887-024-04558-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4558"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12887-024-04558-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2431"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2431","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 April 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"88"}}