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These infections are considered as the main public health problems in children, including Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, associated factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> species in Sheik Hassan Yabere Referral Hospital Jigjiga, Eastern Ethiopia from August 05 to November 15, 2022.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 239 under-five children with diarrhea selected through a convenient sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect associated factors. A stool sample was collected and processed for the identification of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> species using MacConkey adar, Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar (Oxoid Ltd) and Biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. The data was entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to the statistical package of social science version 22 for analysis. The association between outcome and independent variables was assessed using bivariate, multivariable, and chi-square and P-value\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 was considered as statistical significance.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Overall prevalence of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> species was 6.3% (95% CI, 5.7\u20136.9%), of which 3.8% (95 CI, 3.2\u20134.4%) were <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> species and 2.5% (95% CI, 1.95-3%) were <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> species. Unimproved water source (AOR\u2009=\u20095.08, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.45, 17.25), open field (AOR\u2009=\u20092.3, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.3, 5.03), rural residence (AOR\u2009=\u20091.8, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.4, 7.5), Hand-washing practice (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), and raw meat consumption (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) were associated with occurrence of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> species. <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> isolates were resistant to Ampicilin (100%). However, <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> isolates was sensitive to Norfloxacin (100%). About 22.2% and 16.7% of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> isolates were multi-drug resistant, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Prevalence of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> species were lower than most studies done in Ethiopia. Hand-washing habit, water source type, Open field waste disposal habit, raw meat consumption and rural residence were associated with Salmonellosis and shigellosis. All isolated Salmonella were sensitive to norfloxacin. The evidence from this study underscores the need for improved water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) system and the imperative to implement drug susceptibility tests for the treatment of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-024-04755-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T10:02:03Z","timestamp":1714989723000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence, associated factors and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella and Shigella species among diarrheic under five children in Sultan Sheik Hassan Yabere referral Hospital, Jigjiga, Eastern Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Kader","family":"Muse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kedir","family":"Urgessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadesse","family":"Shume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bawlah","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fitsum","family":"Weldegebreal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"4755_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. diarrheal. desease 2017 [ https:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/diarrhoeal-disease."},{"issue":"1","key":"4755_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"001","DOI":"10.15580\/GJEPH.2015.1.120714400","volume":"3","author":"S Kefyalew","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kefyalew S, Kebede G, Keneni A. 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This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Each child\u2019s parent\/guardian has been sufficiently informed of the study\u2019s purpose and the importance of their participation by the data collectors and\/or the investigator. Permission was gained from Somali Regional Health Bureau, Jigjiga University Sultan Sheik Hassan Yabere Referral Hospital administration. Written, informed, voluntary, and signed consent were taken from all parents\/guardians were taken before commencing the study. All parents\/guardians were consulted about the benefit of the treatment by a pediatrician who works at Jigjiga University Sultan Shiek Hassen Referral Hospital and the drugs were given free of charge.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"311"}}