{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T04:14:19Z","timestamp":1785212059416,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717113600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is commonly encountered morbidity which often occurs as up to 60% of extremely preterm infants born at &lt;\u200929 weeks gestational age (GA).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study aims to assess the clinical risk factors associated with PDA ligation among very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) and evaluate the neurodevelopmental outcomes of those who underwent PDA ligation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 540 VLBWI were initially diagnosed with PDA in our 50-bed level IV NICU at Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, between January 2015 and June 2023. Among these 540 VLBWI with PDA, only 221 had consistent hemodynamically significant (hs) PDA which required intervention including fluid restriction, medical treatment, or surgical ligation. In this study, only those 221 VLBWI with hsPDA who underwent neurodevelopmental assessment at corrected 18\u201324 months of age were included in this study analysis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Out of 221 VLBWI diagnosed with hemodynamically significant (hs) PDA, 133 (60.2%) underwent PDA ligation, while the remaining 88 (39.8%) had their hs PDAs closed either medically or with fluid restriction. The mean gestational age and birth weight were significantly lower in PDA ligation group compared to no PDA ligation group (27.02\u2009\u00b1\u20092.17 vs. 27.98\u2009\u00b1\u20092.36, 907.31\u2009\u00b1\u2009258.36 vs. 1006.07\u2009\u00b1\u2009283.65, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001, 0.008). Resuscitation including intubation at delivery and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (grade\u2009\u2265\u20093) were significantly higher in PDA ligation group. The clinical outcomes in the PDA ligation group revealed significantly worse oucomes compared to the no PDA ligation group. Both resuscitation, including intubation at delivery, and IVH (grade\u2009\u2265\u20093), consistently exhibited an increased risk for PDA ligation in a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Concerning neurodevelopmental outcomes, infants who underwent PDA ligation demonstrated significantly lower cognitive scores. However, only IVH (grade\u2009\u2265\u20093) and PVL were consistently associated with an increased risk of abnormal neurodevelopment at the corrected age of 18\u201324 months.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In our study, despite the consistent association between cognitive developmental delays in VLBWI who underwent PDA ligation, we observed that sicker and more vulnerable VLBWIs, specifically those experincing severe IVH, consistently exhibited an increased risk for both PDA ligation and abnormal neurodevelopment at the corrected age of 18\u201324 months.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-024-04860-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T07:04:59Z","timestamp":1717139099000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Risk factors for PDA ligation and neurodevelopmental outcomes at corrected 18\u201324 months in very low birth weight infants"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Sol","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sae Yun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju-Ae","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Ah","family":"Youn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"4860_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.4.659","volume":"106","author":"K Costeloe","year":"2000","unstructured":"Costeloe K, Hennessy E, Gibson AT, et al. The EPICure study: outcomes to discharge from hospital for infants born at the threshold of viability. Pediatrics. 2000;106:659\u201371.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"4860_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050903198215","volume":"22","author":"P Giliberti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Giliberti P, De Leonibus C, Giordano L, Giliberti P. The physiopathology of the patent ductus arteriosus. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2009;22(Suppl 3):6\u20139. [PubMed: 19718587].","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"4860_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-3506","volume":"125","author":"SE Hamrick","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hamrick SE, Hansmann G. Patent ductus arteriosus of the preterm infant. Pediatrics. 2010;125:1020\u201330. [PubMed: 20421261].","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4860_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.05.007","volume":"161","author":"L Mirea","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mirea L, Sankaran K, Seshia M, Ohlsson A, Allen AC, Aziz K, et al. Treatment of patent ductus arteriosus and neonatal mortality\/morbidities: Adjustment for treatment selection bias. J Pediatr. 2012;161:689\u2013941. [PubMed: 22703954].","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"4860_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.11.039","volume":"150","author":"NS Kabra","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kabra NS, Schmidt B, Roberts RS, Doyle LW, Papile L, Fanaroff A, et al. Neurosensory impairment after surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus in extremely low birth weight infants: results from the trial of Indomethacin Prophylaxis in Preterms. J Pediatr. 2007;150:229\u201334. 234.e1. [PubMed: 17307535].","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"4860_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2781","volume":"123","author":"JC Madan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Madan JC, Kendrick D, Hagadorn JI, Frantz ID, 3rd National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Patent ductus arteriosus therapy: impact on neonatal and 18-month outcome. Pediatrics. 2009;123:674\u201381. [PMCID: PMC2752886] [PubMed: 19171637].","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4860_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.01.005","volume":"154","author":"R Clyman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Clyman R, Cassady G, Kirklin JK, Collins M, Philips JB. 3rd the role of patent ductus arteriosus ligation in bronchopulmonary dysplasia: reexamining a randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr. 2009;154:873\u20136. [PMCID: PMC2709418] [PubMed: 19324366].","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"4860_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.0987","volume":"169","author":"A Jain","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jain A, Shah PS. Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates. JAMA Pediatr. 2015;169(9):863\u201372.","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"4860_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.01.047","volume":"148","author":"B Schmidt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schmidt B, Roberts RS, Fanaroff A, et al. Indomethacin prophylaxis, patent ductus arteriosus, and the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: further analyses from the trial of Indomethacin Prophylaxis in Preterms (TIPP). J Pediatr. 2006;148:730\u20134.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"4860_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.11.039","volume":"150","author":"NS Kabra","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kabra NS, Schmidt B, Roberts RS, et al. Neurosensory impairment after surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus in extremely low birth weight infants: results from the trial of Indomethacin Prophylaxis in Preterms. J Pediatr. 2007;150:129\u201334. 234.e1.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4860_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F48","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.129270","volume":"94","author":"K Herrman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Herrman K, Bose C, Lewis K, Laughon M. Spontaneous closure of the patent ductus arteriosus in very low birth weight infants following discharge from the neonatal unit. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2009;94(1):F48\u201350.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"8","key":"4860_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020","volume":"174","author":"SI Sung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sung SI, Lee MH, Ahn SY, Chang YS, Park WS. Effect of nonintervention vs oral Ibuprofen in Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm infants: a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatics. 2020;174(8):755\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatics"},{"key":"4860_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F424","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.118117","volume":"92","author":"PJ McNamara","year":"2007","unstructured":"McNamara PJ, Sehgal A. Towards rational management of the patent ductus arteriosus: the need for disease staging. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2007;92:F424\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"3","key":"4860_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2006.04.003","volume":"30","author":"JV Aranda","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aranda JV, Thomas R. Systematic review: intravenous ibuprofen in preterm newborns. Semin Perinatol. 2006;30(3):114\u201320.","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4860_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-13-59","volume":"13","author":"TR Fenton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fenton TR, Kim JH. A systematic review and meta-analysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for preterm infants. BMC Pediatr. 2013;13(1):1\u201313.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"4860_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80282-0","volume":"92","author":"L-A Papile","year":"1978","unstructured":"Papile L-A, Burstein J, Burstein R, Koffler H. Incidence and evolution of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage: a study of infants with birth weights less than 1,500 gm. J Pediatr. 1978;92(4):529\u201334.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4860_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197801000-00001","volume":"187","author":"MJ Bell","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bell MJ, Ternberg JL, Feigin RD, Keating JP, Marshall R, Barton L, Brotherton T. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Therapeutic decisions based upon clinical staging. Ann Surg. 1978;187(1):1.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"4860_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80282-0","volume":"92","author":"L Papile","year":"1978","unstructured":"Papile L, Burstein J, Burstein R, Koffier A. Incidence and evolution of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants: a study of infants. J Pediatr. 1978;92(4):529\u201334.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"4860_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1984.01040030908011","volume":"102","author":"A Garner","year":"1984","unstructured":"Garner A. An international classification of retinopathy of prematurity. Archives Ophthalmol (1960). 1984;102(8):1130\u20134.","journal-title":"Archives Ophthalmol (1960)"},{"issue":"7","key":"4860_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.7.991","volume":"123","author":"International Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity","year":"2005","unstructured":"International Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. The international classification of retinopathy of prematurity revisited. Archives Ophthalmol (Chicago Ill: 1960). 2005;123(7):991\u20139.","journal-title":"Archives Ophthalmol (Chicago Ill: 1960)"},{"key":"4860_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-02920-9","volume":"21","author":"JJY Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu JJY, Niduvaje K, Lee LY. Retrospective comparison of death or neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely low birth weight preterm infants following different management optionsof hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus. BMC Pediatr. 2021;21:457.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"4860_CR22","first-page":"Sc08","volume":"9","author":"ZM EzzEldin","year":"2015","unstructured":"EzzEldin ZM, Hamid TA, Youssef MR, Nabil Hel D. Clinical risk index for babies (CRIB II) scoring system in prediction of mortality in premature babies. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9(6):Sc08\u201311.","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4860_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-019-0706-y","volume":"45","author":"J Mydam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mydam J, Rastogi A, Naheed ZJ. Base excess and hematocrit predict response to indomethacin in very low birth weight infants with patent ductus arteriosus. Ital J Pediatr. 2019;45(1):107.","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"4860_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-016-2731-9","volume":"175","author":"E Valerio","year":"2016","unstructured":"Valerio E, Valente MR, Salvadori S, Frigo AC, Baraldi E, Lago P. Intravenous Paracetamol for PDA closure in the preterm: a singlecenter experience. Eur J Pediatr. 2016;175(7):953\u201366.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"4860_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.11.039","volume":"150","author":"NS Kabra","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kabra NS, Schmidt B, Roberts RS, Doyle LW, Papike L, Farnaroff A. Neurosensory impairment after surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus in extremely low birth weight infants: results from the trial of Indomethacin Prophylaxis in Preterms. J Pediatr. 2007;150(3):229\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.11.039. 234.e1.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"4860_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2781","volume":"123","author":"JC Madan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Madan JC, Kendrick D, Hagadorn JI, Frantz ID 3rd. Patent ductus arte riosus therapy: impact on neonatal and 18month outcome. Pediatrics. 2009;123(2):674\u201381.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"4860_CR27","first-page":"10251032e1023","volume":"167","author":"EM JanzRobinson","year":"2015","unstructured":"JanzRobinson EM, Badawi N, Walker K, Bajuk B, AbdelLatif ME. Neurode velopmental outcomes of premature infants treated for patent Ductus Arteriosus: a populationbased cohort study. J Pediatr. 2015;167(5):10251032e1023.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"4860_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.02.062","volume":"157","author":"N Jhaveri","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jhaveri N, Moon-Grady A, Clyman RI. Early surgical ligation versus a conservative approach for management of patent ductus arteriosus that fails to close after indomethacin treatment. J Pediatr. 2010;157:381\u20137. 3871. [PMCID: PMC2926149] [PubMed: 20434168].","journal-title":"J Pediatr"}],"container-title":["BMC Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12887-024-04860-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12887-024-04860-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12887-024-04860-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T07:08:02Z","timestamp":1717139282000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12887-024-04860-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4860"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12887-024-04860-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2431"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2431","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The ethical approval was obtained from the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, Institutional Review Board. The requirement for informed consent from the study subjects was waived by the IRB of by the Ethics Committee of Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital due to the retrospective study design.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"376"}}