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The development of prosody discrimination is one of the earliest stages of language development in which key skills for later stages are mastered. Therefore, analyzing the relationship between brain discrimination of speech prosody and language abilities may provide an objective basis for the diagnosis and intervention of language delay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, all cases(\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009241) were enrolled from a tertiary women\u2019s hospital, from 2021 to 2022. We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to assess children\u2019s neural prosody discrimination abilities, and a Chinese communicative development inventory (CCDI) were used to evaluate their language abilities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ninety-eight full-term and 108 preterm toddlers were included in the final analysis in\n                      <jats:italic>phase I<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>II<\/jats:italic>\n                      studies, respectively. The total CCDI screening abnormality rate was 9.2% for full-term and 34.3% for preterm toddlers. Full-term toddlers showed prosody discrimination ability in all channels except channel 5, while preterm toddlers showed prosody discrimination ability in channel 6 only. Multifactorial logistic regression analyses showed that prosody discrimination of the right angular gyrus (channel 3) had a statistically significant effect on language delay (odd ratio\u2009=\u20090.301,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in full-term toddlers. Random forest (RF) regression model presented that prosody discrimination reflected by channels and brain regions based on fNIRS data was an important parameter for predicting language delay in preterm toddlers, among which the prosody discrimination reflected by the right angular gyrus (channel 4) was the most important parameter. The area under the model Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.687.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neural prosody discrimination ability is positively associated with language development, assessment of brain prosody discrimination abilities through fNIRS could be used as an objective indicator for early identification of children with language delay in the future clinical application.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-024-04889-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T05:02:17Z","timestamp":1720760537000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association between neural prosody discrimination and language abilities in toddlers: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"YanRu","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YanWei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FuLin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HuanXi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YuYing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JiaLin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MengMeng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"4889_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.10.027","volume":"35","author":"VV Hawa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hawa VV, Spanoudis G. 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The Ethics Committee of Women\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University granted permission to access and use the medical records of participants in the study. All data remained confidential, and informed consent was obtained from all their legal guardians. Appropriate measures were applied to ensure the confidentiality of the data. All parents of the participants in the study have signed an informed consent form.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"449"}}