{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]],"date-time":"2024-08-04T00:26:50Z","timestamp":1722731210460},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722643200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>While significant evidence supports the benefits of normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (NCPB) over hypothermic techniques, many institutions in developing countries, including ours, continue to employ hypothermic methods. This study aimed to assess the early postoperative outcomes of normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (NCPB) for complete surgical repair via the Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) within our national context.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We conducted this study in the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (PCICU) at the University Children\u2019s Hospital. One hundred patients who underwent complete TOF repair were enrolled and categorized into two groups: the normothermic group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200950, temperature 35\u201337\u00a0\u00b0C) and the moderate hypothermic group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200950, temperature 28\u201332\u00a0\u00b0C). We evaluated mortality, morbidity, and postoperative complications in the PCICU as outcome measures.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The demographic characteristics were similar between the two groups. However, the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time and aortic cross-clamp (ACC) time were notably longer in the hypothermic group. The study recorded seven deaths, yielding an overall mortality rate of 7%. No significant differences were observed between the two groups concerning mortality, morbidity, or postoperative complications in the PCICU.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our findings suggest that normothermic procedures, while not demonstrably effective, are safe for pediatric cardiac surgery. Further research is warranted to substantiate and endorse the adoption of this technique.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-024-04976-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T07:02:22Z","timestamp":1722668542000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early outcomes of experience warm surgery in children undergoing complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot in developing countries"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Alaa Mohamad","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Younes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"4976_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Browne LPJP. Temperature management on cardiopulmonary bypass: is it standardised across Great Britain and Ireland? 2022. 37(3): p. 221\u20138.","DOI":"10.1177\/0267659121995996"},{"key":"4976_CR2","unstructured":"Edmunds Jr. L.J.C.b.i.n., infants and y. children, Inflammatory and immunological response to cardiopulmonary bypass. 1994."},{"key":"4976_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tassani P et al. Cardiac surgery with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest produces less systemic inflammatory response than low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass in newborns. 2002. 123(4): p. 648\u201354.","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2002.121285"},{"key":"4976_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Honore P et al. Effects of normothermia versus hypothermia on extravascular lung water and serum cytokines during cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized, controlled trial. 2001. 29(10): p. 1903\u20139.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200110000-00009"},{"issue":"3","key":"4976_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.03.062","volume":"80","author":"M Caputo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Caputo M, et al. Randomized comparison between normothermic and hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in pediatric open-heart surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;80(3):982\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"4976_CR6","first-page":"386","volume":"18","author":"YJAC Durandy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Durandy YJAC. Warm pediatric cardiac surgery: European experience. T Annals. 2010;18(4):386\u201395.","journal-title":"T Annals"},{"key":"4976_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiong T et al. Safety of Normothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Less Complex Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A System Review and Meta-Analysis. 2021: p. 1489.","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.757551"},{"key":"4976_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ho KM, J.A.J. .C.t. Tan, benefits and risks of maintaining normothermia during cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery: a systematic review. 2011. 29(4): p. 260\u201379.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5922.2009.00114.x"},{"key":"4976_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corno AF et al. Comparison of early outcomes for normothermic and hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in children undergoing congenital heart surgery. 2018. 6: p. 219.","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00219"},{"key":"4976_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Durandy YJFiP. Rationale for implementation of warm cardiac surgery in pediatrics. 2016. 4: p. 43.","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2016.00043"},{"key":"4976_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caputo M et al. Effect of normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass on renal injury in pediatric cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. 2011. 142(5): p. 1114\u201321. e2.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2011.08.008"},{"key":"4976_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amer GF et al. Normothermia versus hypothermia during cardiopulmonary bypass in cases of repair of atrioventricular septal defect. 2020. 14(1): p. 112.","DOI":"10.4103\/aer.AER_123_19"},{"key":"4976_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shamsuddin AM et al. Normothermia for pediatric and congenital heart surgery: an expanded horizon. 2015. 3: p. 23.","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2015.00023"},{"key":"4976_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poncelet AJ et al. Cardiac and neurological assessment of normothermia\/warm blood cardioplegia vs hypothermia\/cold crystalloid cardioplegia in pediatric cardiac surgery: insight from a prospective randomized trial. 2011. 40(6): p. 1384\u201391.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2011.03.047"},{"key":"4976_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiong Y et al. Systematic review and Meta-analysis of benefits and risks between normothermia and hypothermia during cardiopulmonary bypass in pediatric cardiac surgery. 2015. 25(2): p. 135\u201342.","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12560"},{"key":"4976_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mercer-Rosa L et al. Predictors of length of hospital stay after complete repair for tetralogy of Fallot: a prospective cohort study. 2018. 7(11): p. e008719.","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.008719"},{"key":"4976_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacobs JP et al. The society of thoracic surgeons congenital heart surgery database: 2018 update on outcomes and quality. 2018. 105(3): p. 680\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2018.01.001"},{"key":"4976_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romeo JL et al. Outcome after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2020. 159(1): p. 220\u201336. e8.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2019.08.127"},{"key":"4976_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caputo M et al. Normothermic versus hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in low-risk paediatric heart surgery: a randomised controlled trial. 2019. 105(6): p. 455\u201364.","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2018-313567"},{"key":"4976_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali Aydemir N et al. Randomized comparison between mild and moderate hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass for neonatal arterial switch operation. 2012. 41(3): p. 581\u20136.","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezr002"}],"container-title":["BMC Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12887-024-04976-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12887-024-04976-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12887-024-04976-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T07:05:55Z","timestamp":1722668755000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12887-024-04976-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4976"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12887-024-04976-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2431"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2431","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 July 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 August 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethics approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of University Children\u2019s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University. Informed consent was obtained from all participants\u2019 parents for their children\u2019s participation in this study and for the publication of the data. All methods were conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the parents of the participating children.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}],"article-number":"499"}}