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The present study aimed to determine whether a set of measures of neighborhood safety \u2013 independent built environment features, parents\u2019 perception of neighborhood safety and community cohesion,\u00a0and children\u2019s perception of neighborhood safety \u2013 best related to symptoms of depression in young boys and girls from Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Data were from the Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth (QUALITY) cohort. Participants were aged 8 to 10 years (M\u2009=\u20099.5) at baseline (2005). Measures included: child symptoms of depression, neighborhood perception (child and parentally reported), and independent rater assessed visible disorder\/neighborhood safety issues and road safety features. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the relation between neighborhood safety measures and symptoms of depression for boys (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009262) and girls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009212) at baseline and at follow-up time approximately 2 years later in 2008 after adjusting for baseline sex, age,\u00a0body mass index, pubertal status, physical activity, family income, parent education, population density, and land-use mix. Analyses were sex stratified.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Greater child perceived safety was associated with lower symptoms of depression in boys at both baseline and follow-up, and greater community cohesion was associated with lower symptoms of depression in girls at baseline. These results were not maintained after adjusting for multiple testing.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Future research should elucidate the more precise pathways linking neighborhood safety to symptoms of depression among children and consider differences across sexes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-024-05236-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T05:24:36Z","timestamp":1732685076000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Feeling safe: a critical look at the effect of neighborhood safety features and perceptions on childhood symptoms of depression"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Erika","family":"Infantino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracie A.","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"C\u00f4t\u00e9-Lussier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andraea","family":"Van Hulst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e9lanie","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Eve","family":"Mathieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Sabiston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Kakinami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"5236_CR1","unstructured":"Canadian Institute for Health Information. 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Ethics review boards of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine and the Qu\u00e9bec Heart and Lung Institute approved the study protocol (#MP-21-2005-79, 2040). The secondary data analysis for this project was approved by the Concordia University ethics board (#30013531). All parents provided informed consent, and study participants provided assent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"774"}}