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Infants were categorized into two groups based on ultrasound findings and assessed for thirteen variables including gender, GA, birth weight (BW), acidosis, among others. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to build a prediction model and identify independent risk factors for ICH. We build a prediction model by assigning 241 cases to the training set and 103 to the validation set (ratio 7:3).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among 344 very preterm infants, the incidence of ICH was 36.9% (89 cases) in training set. Significant differences were observed in gestational age, birth weight, antenatal corticosteroids, mechanical ventilation days, and acidosis between cases and controls. Logistic regression analysis identified gestational age (OR\u2009=\u20090.674), antenatal corticosteroids (OR\u2009=\u20090.257), acidosis (OR\u2009=\u20092.556), and mechanical ventilation mechanical ventilation days(OR\u2009=\u20090.257) as independent risk factors for ICH. The C-index of the training and validation sets was 0.814 (95% CI: 0.762\u20130.869) and 0.784 (95% CI: 0.693\u20130.875), respectively. According to decision curve analysis, our model outperformed the \u201cNone\u201d and \u201cAll\u201d baseline lines over a wide range of risk thresholds (0.12\u20130.92).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Acidosis and mechanical ventilation are independent risk factors for ICH in very preterm neonates, while higher gestational age and antenatal corticosteroid use are protective. The nomogram developed from these four factors demonstrates strong predictive accuracy and calibration, which can aid clinicians in identifying preterm infants at high risk for ICH and facilitate early diagnosis and management.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-024-05274-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T04:16:06Z","timestamp":1733285766000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Risk factors and nomogram for the prediction of intracranial hemorrhage in very preterm infants"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minxu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"5274_CR1","unstructured":"Starr R, De Jesus O, Shah SD, Borger J, Periventricular. and Intraventricular Hemorrhage. 2023 Aug 23. 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